注水井优化配注方法应用现状及发展方向

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2023.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对现有注水井优化配注方法缺乏统一性和规范性的问题，以注水井优化配注涉及的关键参数纵向劈分系数、平面劈分系数和注采比3个方面为切入点，对国内外学者在注水井优化配注方面的研究进行总结和归纳，得到了适用于不同场合下的注水井优化配注计算方法。在此基础上以采油井为中心，提出了注水井优化配注新方法。新方法重点强调了注水井的优化配注应根据不同地质油藏特征、油田开发阶段、配注精度需求等因素选择不同的优化配注参数计算方法，从而使油田优化注水效果最佳。并将优化配注新思路在矿场进行试验，实现区块日增油幅度高达10 %（日增油20 m³）的良好开发效果。最后指出了未来优化注水方向必然是基于人工智能的注水方案设计、智能优化和同步调整为核心的油藏和采油工程一体化。以上注水井优化配注方法，对不同类型不同开发阶段油田的注水工作具有指导意义。

关键词: 配注方法, 层段, 纵向劈分系数, 平面劈分系数, 注采比

Abstract:

There is a lack of uniformity and standardization of the existing optimal injection allocation method. Therefore, three key parameters involved in the optimization of water injection well allocation, which are longitudinal splitting coefficient, plane splitting coefficient and injection-production ratio, are taking as the breakthrough point. And then, the research on the allocation optimization of injection wells by the scholars at home and abroad is summarized. Finally, the calculation method of injection well allocation suitable for different occasions is obtained. On this basis, a new idea of optimizing injection allocation for water injection wells is proposed with the oil production wells as the center. This new idea emphasizes that for the optimal injection allocation of the water injection wells, the optimal injection parameter calculation method should be selected according to different geological reservoir characteristics, oilfield development stages, injection accuracy and other factors, so that to make the oilfield optimized water injection effect best. After this method is applied to the field test, a good development effect is achieved with a daily oil increase of up to 10 %（daily oil increase of 20 m³） in the block. In general, the optimization of water injection direction in the future must be the integration of reservoir and oil production engineering with the water injection scheme design, intelligent optimization and synchronous adjustment are the core based on artificial intelligence. The proposed optimized injection well allocation method has guiding significance for the water injection work of different types of oilfields at different stages of development.

Key words: injection allocation method, interval, longitudinal splitting coefficient, plane splitting coefficient, injection-production ratio

中图分类号:

TE341

罗宪波,常会江,雷源,翟上奇,孙广义. 注水井优化配注方法应用现状及发展方向[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2023, 13(2): 223-232.

LUO Xianbo,CHANG Huijiang,LEI Yuan,ZHAI Shangqi,SUN Guangyi. Application status and development direction of optimal injection allocation method for water injection wells[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2023, 13(2): 223-232.

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方法	优点	缺点	使用范围
地层系数法（KH）	简单、高效	无法考虑开发阶段、数据一致不变	无水采油期
油层厚度法（H）	简单、高效	无法考虑开发阶段及储层物性影响、数据一致不变	无水采油期
含水饱和度劈分法	考虑含水率变化引起相对渗透率变化对劈分的影响	小层含水率测试数据少	中低含水期（f_w<40 %）
剩余油法	考虑剩余油对劈分系数的影响	小层剩余油计算过程复杂	中高含水期（40 %<f_w<80 %）
驱替通量PA法	考虑累计注水量对劈分系数的影响	小层累计注水量计算过程复杂	高含水期（f_w>80 %）

方法	优点	缺点	使用范围
几何法	简单、高效	没有考虑动态数据，也没有考虑储层非均质性及井型影响	相对均质油藏、规则定向井开发油田
灰色关联法	简单、高效并考虑动态数据	缺乏物理意义，纯数据驱动	日产动态分析
渗流阻力法	一定程度上考虑储层非均质性及动态数据	无法考虑井型影响	定向井开发油田
容阻模型法	考虑储层非均质性及井型、井网及动态数据；计算速度快	地质油藏等效模型建立时间长	劈分系数高精度分析
流线数值模拟法	考虑所有地质油藏信息计算精度高	耗时尤其长	劈分系数高精度分析

方法	优点	缺点	使用范围
物质平衡法	简单、高效	模型简单，计算精度低	油田整个开发周期
数值模拟法	虑因素全面，得到的注采比最为合理	耗时长	油田整个开发周期
水驱特征曲线法	直观了解注采比与含水的联系	计算精度受拟合系数影响较大	中高含水阶段

注水井	分注段	生产井	日产油量（m³）	日产水量（m³）	纵向劈分系数		平面劈分系数		注采比		日注水量（m³）
注水井	分注段	生产井	日产油量（m³）	日产水量（m³）	老方法	新方法	老方法	新方法	老方法	新方法	老方法	新方法
A29	X1	A32H	120	580	1.00	1.00	0.50	0.60	1.10	1.10	478	528
	X1	A14	77	165	0.70	0.78	0.50	0.32	1.10	1.10	478	528
	X2	A45H	78	350	1.00	1.00	0.50	0.63	1.15	1.10	288	327
	X2	A14	77	165	0.30	0.22	0.50	0.52	1.15	1.10	288	327
A18	X1	A32H	120	580	1.00	1.00	0.50	0.40	1.10	1.10	478	449
	X1	A14	77	165	0.70	0.78	0.50	0.68	1.10	1.10	478	449
	X2	A45H	78	350	1.00	1.00	0.50	0.37	1.15	1.10	288	202
	X2	A14	77	165	0.30	0.22	0.50	0.48	1.15	1.10	288	202
合计			275	1 095							1 532	1 507