重庆页岩气井油基钻井液堵漏防塌新工艺探索

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2021.04.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在页岩气井水平段钻井过程中,为保证井下安全,国内常用油基钻井液体系施工,尤其需要解决井漏与井塌的问题。通过对化学固化堵漏工艺的研究,并根据重庆地区龙马溪组页岩岩样XRD（X射线衍射）分析优选纳微米级粒径封堵材料,探索页岩气井堵漏防塌的新工艺。现场应用化学固化技术有效解决了焦页某井的井漏问题,满足了后续施工的要求;钻进过程中,使用了室内优选的聚硅纤维和纳微米级封堵剂,不仅完全控制了坍塌与掉块现象,而且日均钻井液消耗量降低1/3,达到防渗防塌的目的。实践证明化学固化和微纳米封堵是解决页岩气井堵漏防塌的有效方法,对重庆地区页岩气井的开发有着积极的作用。

关键词: 油基钻井液, 化学固化, 页岩气, 封堵防塌, 工程应用

Abstract:

During drilling the horizontal section of a shale gas well, oil-based drilling fluid is commonly used in China in order to ensure downhole safety, especially to solve the problems of lost circulation and well collapse. Based on the study of chemical solidification plugging technology and the XRD（X-ray diffraction） analysis of Longmaxi shale samples in Chongqing area, the nano micron size plugging materials are selected to explore a new technology for plugging and collapse prevention of shale gas wells. Field application of chemical solidification technology effectively solves the lost circulation problem of a well in Jiaoye, and meet the requirements of subsequent construction. In the process of drilling, the polysilicon fiber and micro-nano plugging agent selected in the laboratory not only completely control the collapse and block falling, but also reduce the daily average drilling fluid consumption by 1/3, so as to achieve the purpose of anti-seepage and anti-collapse. It is proved that chemical solidification and micro-nano plugging are effective methods to solve the plugging and collapse prevention of shale gas wells, which play a positive role in the development of shale gas wells in Chongqing area.

Key words: oil-based drilling fluid, chemical solidification, shale gas, plugging and collapse prevention, engineering application

中图分类号:

TE254

陈亮,胡进科,耿冬,李子钰. 重庆页岩气井油基钻井液堵漏防塌新工艺探索[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2021, 11(4): 527-535.

CHEN Liang,HU Jinke,GENG Dong,LI Ziyu. A new technology of plugging and collapse prevention with oil-based drilling fluid in Chongqing shale gas wells[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2021, 11(4): 527-535.

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序号	水泥浆量（m³）	堵漏浆量（m³）	井深（m）	下入深度（m）	水泥塞长（m）	井段深度（m）
1	6	6	3 312.44	3 312	132.44	3 180~3 312.44
2	12	10	3 321.32	3 321	40	3 280~3 320
3	16	0	3 475	3 475	164	3 311~3 475
4	16	8	3 475	3 475	163	3 312~3 475
5	0	16	3 503.03	3 503
6	12	16	3 514.4	3 400	257.4	3 258~3 515.4
7	13	10	4 748	3 410	172	3 168~3 340
8	16	12	4 748	3 410	99	3 274~3 373
9	18	20	4 748	3 410	128	3 290~3 418 低钻压井段3 382~3 400
10	18	12	4 748	3 410	224	3 200~3 424 钻压放空井段3 327.5~3 374 钻压放空井段3 374~3 395

水灰比	密度（g/cm³）	稠化时间（h）	抗压强度（MPa）
1:1	1.5	1.5	6.5
1:1.2	1.57	1.5	9.9
1:1.4	1.63	1.5	10.5

编号	配方	稠化时间（h）	抗压强度（MPa）
①	100 mL水+140 g固化堵漏剂	1	8.5
②	100 mL水+0.1 %缓凝剂+140 g固化堵漏剂	1.5	8.4
③	100 mL水+0.3 %缓凝剂+140 g固化堵漏剂	3	7.8
④	100 mL水+0.6 %缓凝剂+140 g固化堵漏剂	5	6.5

配方	条件	不同转速下的黏度计读数				表观黏度（mPa·s）	塑性黏度（mPa·s）	动切力（Pa）	动塑比 [Pa/（mPa·s）]
配方	条件	600 r/min	300 r/min	6 r/min	3 r/min	表观黏度（mPa·s）	塑性黏度（mPa·s）	动切力（Pa）	动塑比 [Pa/（mPa·s）]
基浆	热滚前	80	49	7	6	40	31	9	0.29
	120 ℃热滚后	69	41	8	7	34.5	28	6.5	0.23
	140 ℃热滚后	70	41	8	7	35	29	6	0.21
	160 ℃热滚后	64	38	7	6	32	26	6	0.23
	180 ℃热滚后	60	34	6	5	30	26	4	0.15
基浆 + 聚硅纤维	热滚前	87	57	9	8	43.5	30	13.5	0.45
	120 ℃热滚后	75	45	9	8	37.5	30	7.5	0.25
	140 ℃热滚后	73	44	8	7	36.5	29	7.5	0.26
	160 ℃热滚后	67	40	7	6	33.5	27	6.5	0.24
	180 ℃热滚后	64	38	7	6	32	26	6	0.23

配方	条件	破乳电压（V）				高温高压滤失量（mL）
配方	条件	第1次测量	第2次测量	第3次测量	平均值	高温高压滤失量（mL）
基浆	热滚前	460	438	414	437
	120 ℃热滚后	1 067	1 159	1 120	1 115	3.8
	140 ℃热滚后	679	643	623	648	3.9
	160 ℃热滚后	988	1 005	934	976	3.9
	180 ℃热滚后	1 003	981	1 089	1 024	4.1
基浆+聚硅纤维	热滚前	881	825	792	833
	120 ℃热滚后	1 003	1 118	1 060	1 060	2.7
	140 ℃热滚后	748	802	790	780	2.9
	160 ℃热滚后	1 002	1 041	1 059	1 034	3.3
	180 ℃热滚后	1 104	1 127	1 189	1 140	3.5