电火花震源在南方山地勘探中的应用

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2020.05.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

武隆地区五峰—龙马溪组优质页岩发育,具有分布广、厚度大、埋深适中、有机质丰度高、热演化程度适中等特点,是有利的页岩气勘探区。由于武隆地区典型的南方山地地貌以及受乌江、城镇等大型障碍物影响,炸药震源的使用受到较多限制,导致出现“数据天窗”。电火花震源产生的地震波具有高频信息丰富、波形重复性好、时间一致性好、安全环保无污染等优势,达到武隆地区地震勘探对震源的要求。电火花震源使用后,大型障碍区覆盖次数增加,剖面缺口减小;电火花震源200 ~ 800 kJ能量相当于井炮（14 kg,21 m）2 ~ 4 kg能量;单炮记录2 s以上可见较强的反射信息,有效频带可达80 Hz。电火花震源能够对武隆城区和土坎镇的“数据天窗”进行有效弥补,满足三维勘探地质任务的要求。

关键词: 南方山地, 页岩气, 数据天窗, 电火花震源, 效果分析

Abstract:

The development of high-quality shale in Wufeng-Longmaxi formation in Wulong area is characterized by wide distribution, large thickness, moderate burial depth, high organic matter abundance and moderate thermal evolution. It is a favorable shale gas exploration area. Due to the typical southern China’s mountainous landform in Wulong and the influence of large obstacles such as Wujiang river and nearby towns, the explosive source is limited, resulting in the emergence of the so-called “data skylight”. The advantages of seismic wave generated by the spark source, such as the rich high-frequency information, good waveform repeatability, good time consistency, safe and free from contamination, meet the source requirements for seismic exploration in the Wulong area. After the application of spark source, the coverage fold of large obstacle area increases and the section gap decreases. The energy of the spark source is 200 ~ 800 kJ, which is equivalent to the energy of the 2 ~ 4 kg well gun（14 kg, 21 m）. A high quality reflection signal can be seen above 2 s of the single shot record, and the effective frequency band is up to 80 Hz. The spark source can effectively make up for the “data skylight” in Wulong and Tukan town, and meet the requirements of 3D geological exploration.

Key words: mountains in southern China, shale gas, data skylight, spark source, effect analysis

中图分类号:

P631.4

任柏璋. 电火花震源在南方山地勘探中的应用[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2020, 10(5): 28-33.

REN Bozhang. Application of spark source in exploration of mountains in southern China[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2020, 10(5): 28-33.

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城区	方案	浅层缺口	目的层覆盖次数（限3 000 m偏移距）	深层覆盖次数（全偏移距）
武隆城区	不加电火花	近偏移距缺口：2 500 m 剖面缺口：1 s	10 ~ 66次 ≤25次的面积5.5 km²	35 ~ 102次 ≤50次的面积1.9 km²
武隆城区	增加电火花	近偏移距缺口：1 800 m 剖面缺口：0.8 s	20 ~ 70次 ≤25次的面积0.24 km²	40 ~ 120次 ≤50次的面积0.1 km²
土坎镇	不加电火花	近偏移距缺口：2 100 m 剖面缺口：0.85 s	16 ~ 64次 ≤25次的面积1.3 km²	35 ~ 101次 ≤50次的面积2.3 km²
土坎镇	增加电火花	近偏移距缺口：1 900 m 剖面缺口：0.76 s	20 ~ 81次 ≤25次的面积1.2 km²	30 ~ 118次 ≤50次的面积0.8 km²