中国页岩剖面区域分布及其页岩气地质意义

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2022.01.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国页岩分布在平面上广泛、时间上连续、空间上复杂,笔者对华北、华南、塔里木板块页岩分布进行了系统梳理和讨论。中、上元古界页岩以海相为主兼有陆相,发育滨浅海至浅海陆棚相、海相和陆相冰碛页岩,页岩剖面以见于不同古板块的边缘为特点。下古生界页岩以海相为主,发育广海陆棚相至浅海陆棚相页岩,页岩主要分布在华南板块和塔里木板块内部。上古生界页岩以海陆过渡相为主,兼有不同程度的海相和陆相,具有最广泛的发育和分布。中、新生界页岩类型多样但以陆相为主,中生界页岩沿近南北向的滇、川、陕和近东西向的新—陕—黑一线为主,新生界页岩主要发育在华北板块的东、西两侧。板块边缘、褶皱带及复杂构造活动区对页岩剖面分布具有重要影响,古海槽对页岩沉积、沉积环境对页岩成分、成分对页岩剖面的抗风化能力等均具有明显的影响作用。不同时代和地区的页岩剖面发育受多种因素影响,各具不同的地质特点。页岩剖面可分为锰质、硅质、灰云质、粉砂质、炭质、煤质及混合型7种,炭质型可出现在各种剖面中。其中的锰质型页岩主要见于华南板块中二叠统及更老地层中,硅质型页岩主要见于广海陆棚相,煤质型页岩发育时代较晚且主要见于海陆过渡相和陆相,粉砂质和灰云质型分布广泛。页岩类型各具有不同的时代性和地域性分布特点,对我国页岩层系进行系统梳理,有助于页岩气新区新层系研究。

关键词: 板块, 页岩时代, 页岩岩性, 页岩分布, 野外剖面, 页岩类型, 页岩气意义

Abstract:

In China, shales are widely distributed, continuous in time and complex in space. In this paper, the distribution of shales in the North China, South China and Tarim Plates are systematically sorted out and discussed. The Middle and Upper Proterozoic shales are dominated by marine facies with some continental facies, of which the littoral-neritic to neritic shelf, marine and continental moraine shales are developed, and the field shale sections are characterized by the distribution on the edges of different paleoplates. The Lower Paleozoic shales are dominated by marine facies, with the development of open shelf to neritic shelf shales, which are mainly distributed in the South China Plate and the Tarim Plate. The Upper Paleozoic shales which are dominated by marine-continental transitional facies and locally by marine and continental facies have the largest development and distribution in China. The Mesozoic and Cenozoic shale types are diverse but dominated by continental facies. The Mesozoic shales are mainly developed longitudinally along Yunnan, Sichuan and Shanxi and latitudinally from Xinjiang to Heilongjiang via Shanxi, while the Cenozoic shales are primarily developed in the eastern and western sides of the North China Plate. The plate margins, fold belts and complex tectonic activity areas exert an important impact on the distribution of shales. The ancient trough has a significant influence on the shale deposition, so do the depositional environment on the shale components, and the components on the weathering resistance of field shale sections. The development of field shale sections in different epochs and regions are affected by multi-factors, and each has specific geological characteristics. Shale in sections can be divided as manganese, siliceous, calcite or dolomite, silty, carbonaceous, coal and mixed types, in which carbonaceous shale can occur in various sections. Manganese shale is primarily developed in the strata before Middle Permian in South China Plate, while siliceous shale is mainly found in the open shelf facies, coal-type shale is developed later and mainly deposited in the marine-continental transitional facies and continental facies, The silty, calcite or dolomite shales are widely distributed. Each type of shale has specific epochal and regional distribution characteristics, so a systematic review of the shale strata in China could be helpful for the discovery for more shale gas in new strata or new areas.

Key words: plate, shale age, shale lithology, shale distribution, field outcrop, shale type, significance for shale gas

中图分类号:

TE13

张金川,陶佳,李中明,杨圆圆,王东升,张栋,李谦超,武向真,牛嘉亮,赵星旭,郎岳. 中国页岩剖面区域分布及其页岩气地质意义[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2022, 12(1): 29-46.

ZHANG Jinchuan,TAO Jia,LI Zhongming,YANG Yuanyuan,WANG Dongsheng,ZHANG Dong,LI Qianchao,WU Xiangzhen,NIU Jialiang,ZHAO Xingxu,LANG Yue. Regional distribution of field shale outcrop in China and its shale gas significance[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2022, 12(1): 29-46.

图/表 6

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

部分页岩层系主要评价参数对比"

统/系	地层组	地区	沉积相	有机质类型	有机质丰度（%）	成熟度（%）	脆性矿物含量（%）	孔隙度（%）	数据来源参考文献
渐新统	东营	华北	陆相	Ⅱ₁、Ⅱ₂	(0.5~15)/1.4	0.2~1.5	43.2~89	5	[12-14]
始新统	沙河街	华北	陆相	各型均有	0.5~27.3	0.4~3	36	3~8	[15-17]
下侏罗统	八道湾	西北	陆相	各型均有	(0.8~38.8)/8.7	0.8~1.1	(38~76)/54	1.9~12.3	[18-20]
上三叠统	延长	华北	陆相	Ⅰ-Ⅱ	(0.5~30)/10	0.6~1.3	(29~56.4)/44	(5.6~15.6)/10.2	[21-23]
中二叠统	芦草沟	西北	陆相	各型均有	3.6	0.7~1	92	5.5~19.8	[24-26]
中二叠统	山西	华北	陆相	Ⅲ	(0~30.8)/(1.2~2.5)	0.6~4.5	37~52	0.9~7	[27-28]
上二叠统	大隆	南方	海陆过渡相	各型均有	(0.3~14.7)/(3~6）	1.1~2.6	(28~93)/(56~77)	(0.4~8.4)/2.6	[28-30]
上二叠统	龙潭	南方	海陆过渡相	Ⅲ型, 少量Ⅱ₂	(0.4~18.4)/(3.2~5.7)	1.1~3.2	(9~94)/(50~66)	0.5~12.6	[28-29,31]
下二叠统	太原	华北	海陆过渡相	Ⅲ	(0.1~8)/(2~3)	0.7~4.1	39~47	1.7~4.8	[27]
上奥陶、下志留统	五峰和龙马溪	南方	浅海— 半深海	Ⅰ-Ⅱ₁	(0.4~25.7)/2.6	1.6~3.6	≥60	4~5.3	[31-34]
中奥陶统	萨尔干	西北	海湾相	Ⅰ-Ⅱ	(0.6~5.7)/2.7	1.2~4.6	62~83	(0.1~21.7)/7.8	[15,35-36]
下寒武统	玉尔吐斯	西北	浅海陆棚	Ⅰ-Ⅱ	4~26	1.2~5.0	≥50		[15,37-39]
下寒武统	牛蹄塘	南方	广海陆棚相	Ⅰ-Ⅱ₁	(0.3~15.8)/3	≥2~3	≥60	1.5~3.7	[33,40-41]
下寒武	马店组	华北	陆表海	Ⅰ	0.7~26.4	2.8~4.6		3.1~6.2	[8]
上震旦统	陡山沱	南方	广海陆棚	Ⅰ-Ⅱ₁	(0.6~17.1)/3.4	1.6~3.5	(78~94.6)/84.8	(1.1~12.5)/3.6	[42-44]
下南华统	大塘坡	南方	冰川间冰期	Ⅰ	(0~10)/(2~4)	≥2	43	5	[45-47]
青白口系	下马岭	华北	滨岸— 浅海陆棚	Ⅰ-Ⅱ₁	(0.1~20)/3	0.5~1	(59.3~66.2)/62.3	(2.1~5.4)/3.7	[42,48-51]
蓟县系	洪水庄	华北	浅海陆棚	Ⅰ-Ⅱ₁	(0.5~7.6) /4.2	0.8~1	(55.3~76.9)/59.6	(0.6~1.9)/1.3	[50-51]
长城系	串岭沟	华北	滨海-浅海	Ⅰ	(0.1~2.2）/0.8	1.54~3.01/2.03	52.2~61.6	4.8	[42,52]

表1

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