聚合物压裂液在页岩油储层的滞留特征研究

任宇航; 吴正彬; 杨文博; 舒坤; 蒋恕

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025094

油气藏评价与开发 >

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025094

聚合物压裂液在页岩油储层的滞留特征研究

任宇航 ,
吴正彬 ,
杨文博 ,
舒坤 ,
蒋恕

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1.中国地质大学（武汉）油气勘探开发理论与技术湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉 430074;
2.中国石油吐哈油田分公司鲁克沁采油厂,新疆,哈密 838202;
3.中国石油吐哈油田分公司勘探开发研究院,新疆哈密 839009

任宇航（1999—）,男,在读硕士研究生,从事油藏提高采收率方面的研究。地址：湖北省武汉市鲁磨路 388号中国地质大学（武汉）,邮政编码：430074。E-mail：15753096297@163.com

收稿日期: 2025-02-24

网络出版日期: 2025-08-20

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目“基于页岩油储层微观孔隙结构的CO₂动用特征和驱油机理研究”（52404046）; 湖北省自然科学基金项目“鄂西复杂构造带五峰-龙马溪组页岩气成藏过程及富集机制研究”（2024AFD385）; 湖北省教育厅科学技术研究计划指导性项目“页岩储层纳米限域空间CO₂-页岩油微观作用机制研究”（B2023250）

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Research on retention characteristics of polymer fracturing fluid in shale oil reservoirs

REN YUHANG ,
WU ZHENGBIN ,
YANG WENBO ,
SHU KUN ,
JIANG SHU

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1. Hubei Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Theory and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China;
2. Lukqin Oi Production Plant, PetroChina Tuha Oilfield Company, Hami, Xinjiang 838202, China;
3. Research Institute of Exploration & Development, PetroChina Tuha Oilfield Company, Hami, Xinjiang 839009, China

Received date: 2025-02-24

Online published: 2025-08-20

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摘要

在页岩油开发过程中,聚合物压裂液是提高油气产量的关键技术之一。然而,聚合物分子量对其压裂效果具有显著影响。聚合物分子量过高可能导致其在储层中的滞留与聚集现象加剧,而分子量过低则可能削弱压裂效果。为了解决这一问题,该研究旨在探索聚合物分子量和质量浓度对页岩油储层中压裂液滞留和聚集行为的影响,以优化压裂液配方,减少对储层的伤害,提高压裂增产效果。通过实验研究和技术分析,选取不同分子量和质量浓度的聚合物溶液,对页岩岩心进行驱替实验。利用微米CT扫描仪和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）技术,对驱替前后的岩心进行观察和对比,分析聚合物在岩心中的滞留和运移特征。实验结果表明：当聚合物分子量低于1 754×10⁴且质量浓度低于2 g/L,滞留效应较弱,表现为孔隙度损失低于8.9%,渗透率下降幅度小于15%,滞留指数低于0.35;而分子量超过1 754×10⁴、质量浓度较高时,滞留效应显著增强,滞留指数可达0.70以上,尤其在裂缝入口附近容易堆积,影响油气流动。研究还发现,聚合物在岩心中的滞留行为受分子量和质量浓度的共同影响,其中分子量是主要影响因素。通过确定适宜的聚合物分子量范围,为减少压裂液在储层中的滞留和聚集提供了科学依据,有助于降低对储层的伤害,提高压裂增产效果。研究成果为优化页岩油压裂液配方提供了科学依据,并对相关领域的技术改进具有一定的参考价值。

关键词： 页岩; 聚合物压裂液; 滞留特征; 微米CT; 扫描电镜

本文引用格式

任宇航 , 吴正彬 , 杨文博 , 舒坤 , 蒋恕 . 聚合物压裂液在页岩油储层的滞留特征研究[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 0 : 0 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025094

Abstract

In the development of shale oil, polymer fracturing fluid is one of the key technologies for increasing oil and gas production. However, the molecular weight of the polymer significantly affects its fracturing effectiveness. Excessively high molecular weight may exacerbate polymer retention and aggregation within the reservoir, while overly low molecular weight may result in insufficient fracturing effects. To address this issue, this study aims to investigate the influence of polymer molecular weight and concentration on the retention and aggregation behavior of fracturing fluid in shale oil reservoirs, with the goal of optimizing fracturing fluid formulations, minimizing reservoir damage, and improving fracturing efficiency. Through experimental research and technical analysis, polymer solutions with different molecular weights and concentrations were selected for displacement experiments on shale cores. Micro-CT scanners and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to observe and compare the cores before and after displacement, analyzing the retention and migration characteristics of polymers within the cores. The results showed that when the polymer molecular weight was below 1 754×10⁴ and the concentration was below 2 g/L 1 and 3, where the concentration was 1 g/L—the retention effect was relatively weak. This was manifested as a porosity loss of less than 8.9%, a permeability reduction of less than 15%, and a retention index below 0.35. When the molecular weight exceeded 1 754×10⁴ and the concentration was relatively high, the retention effect was significantly enhanced, with a retention index exceeding 0.70, especially prone to accumulation near fracture entrances, affecting oil and gas flow. Additionally, the study found that polymer retention in cores was jointly affected by molecular weight and concentration, with molecular weight being the main factor. By determining an appropriate range of polymer molecular weight, this study provides a scientific basis for reducing retention and aggregation of fracturing fluid in reservoirs, thereby mitigating reservoir damage and enhancing fracturing performance. The findings offer a scientific foundation for optimizing fracturing fluid formulations in shale oil development and serve as a useful reference for technological improvements in related fields.

Key words： Shale; Polymer Fracturing Fluid; Retention Characteristics; Micro-CT; Scanning Electron Microscope

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