湖南省一次能源禀赋相对匮乏，地热能作为一种可替代能源，对优化能源结构、推动可持续发展具有重要意义。长期以来，湖南省地热勘探主要聚焦于隆起山地型水热资源，对沉积盆地内水热资源关注不足。近年来，长沙盆地展现出良好的地热资源潜力，然而对其地质特征、成因机制及储量规模等尚缺乏充分认识。综合前人成果及钻探资料，系统梳理分析了长沙盆地地热系统的“源、储、盖、通”等地质要素，建立了地热成因模式，并采用蒙特卡罗模拟方法对地热资源量进行了定量评估。研究表明：长沙盆地中深层地热的主要热源为拉张背景下地幔物质上隆带来的幔源传导热，热储层以上古生界碳酸盐岩为主，地下水环境相对封闭，水岩作用时间较长，盖层厚度及盆地内部结构产状对地温场分布产生影响，区域断裂和孔洞裂隙发育的储层构成良好的导热通道。长沙盆地中深层地热资源量平均为9.85×10⁸ GJ，相当于0.34×10⁸ t标准煤，能够满足约176.68×10⁸ m²的供暖需求，整体地热开发经济性较高，适宜开采，具有较好的社会、经济和环境效益。研究成果可为长沙盆地中深层地热资源勘探开发以及湖南沉积盆地型地热资源评价提供一定指导和参考。

Hunan Province has relatively scarce primary energy resources. As an alternative energy source, geothermal energy is significant for optimizing the energy structure and promoting sustainable development. Historically, geothermal exploration in Hunan Province has primarily focused on uplifted mountain-type hydrothermal resources, with insufficient attention on hydrothermal resources in sedimentary basins. In recent years, Changsha Basin has demonstrated promising geothermal resource potential. However, its geological characteristics, formation mechanisms, and reserve scale remain inadequately understood. Based on previous research findings and drilling data, this study systematically analyzed key geological elements of the geothermal system in the Changsha Basin, including heat source, reservoir, caprock, and conduit. A geothermal genesis model was constructed. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulation was used to conduct a quantitative evaluation of the geothermal resource potential. The results indicated that the primary heat source for the medium-deep geothermal resources in the Changsha Basin was mantle-derived conductive heat, resulting from mantle material uplift under an extensional tectonic regime. The geothermal reservoir mainly consisted of Upper Paleozoic carbonate rocks, with a relatively closed groundwater environment and prolonged water-rock interaction. The thickness of the caprock and the structural configuration of the basin interior influenced the geothermal field distribution. Regional faults and the development of pores and fractures provided good thermal conduction pathways. The average geothermal resource in the Changsha Basin was 9.85×10⁸ GJ, equivalent to 0.34×10⁸ t of standard coal, which could meet the heating demand for approximately 176.68×10⁸ m² of building area. Overall, the geothermal resources in this region are economically viable for development, with good social, economic, and environmental benefits. These findings can provide a reference for the exploration and development of medium-deep geothermal resources in the Changsha Basin, as well as for the evaluation of sedimentary basin-type geothermal resources in Hunan Province.