气藏型储气库储层损害机理与保护技术对策

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2021.03.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

储气库工程地质条件复杂,具有储层低压、交变载荷、高强度注采等特点,钻完井和多周期注采过程容易诱发储层损害,严重制约储气库高效建库和注采效率,给储气库平稳安全供气带来了极大挑战。通过分析气藏型储气库工程地质特征,结合实际储层损害控制案例,揭示了气藏型储气库钻完井及注采过程储层损害机理,提出了储气库储层保护技术对策。气藏型储气库钻完井液漏失,易诱发固相侵入、流体敏感、应力敏感等损害,多周期强注强采易诱发应力敏感、微粒运移和出砂等损害。储气库储层保护需要提前战略规划、强化系统工程观、升级完善全生命周期储层保护及其配套技术,储层损害预测、诊断、控制与解除技术既要考虑储气库建设运行阶段,又要考虑气田开发阶段,尽快研发以钻完井和多周期注采过程储层保护为基础的储气库地质工程一体化技术。

关键词: 储气库, 井漏, 多周期运行, 系统工程, 储层保护, 地质工程一体化

Abstract:

The gas storage, with complex engineering geological conditions, has the characteristics of low formation pressure, alternating load and high intensity injection-recovery. The process of drilling, completion and injection-recovery can easily induce the formation damage, which seriously restricts the high efficient construction and injection-recovery efficiency of gas storage, and brings great challenges to the stable and safe gas supply of gas storage. Based on the analysis of the engineering geological characteristics of the gas storage, and combined with the actual formation damage control cases, the formation damage mechanism of the gas storage in the process of drilling, completion and injection-recovery has been revealed, and the technical countermeasures for the formation damage control of the gas storage has been put forward. The loss of drilling and completion fluid in gas formation is easy to induce solid invasion, fluid sensitivity, stress sensitivity and other damages, and the multi cycle strong injection-recovery is easy to induce stress sensitivity, particle migration, sand production and other damages. Formation damage control of gas storage requires strategic planning in advance, strengthening the concept of system engineering, upgrading and improving the whole life cycle reservoir protection and its supporting technology. Not only the construction and operation stage of gas storage, but also the development stage of gas field should be considered in the formation damage prediction, diagnosis, control and relief technology. Gas storage geology-engineering integration technology based on drilling and completion and multi cycle injection-recovery process should be researched and developed as soon as possible.

Key words: gas storage, loss of fluid, multi cycle operation, systems engineering, formation damage control, geology-engineering integration

中图分类号:

TE822

游利军,孟森,康毅力,陈明君,邵佳新. 气藏型储气库储层损害机理与保护技术对策[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2021, 11(3): 395-403.

YOU Lijun,MENG Sen,KANG Yili,CHEN Mingjun,SHAO Jiaxin. Formation damage mechanism and protection measures for gas field storage[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2021, 11(3): 395-403.

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储气库分类	储气库类型	储层层位	岩石类型	储层段埋深（m）	平均孔隙度（%）	平均渗透率（10^-3μm²）	设计库容量（10⁸m³）	设计工作气量（10⁸m³）
板桥储气库群	气藏型	古近系沙一下亚段	砂岩	2 200~3 200	22.00	67.00~346.50	68.98	30.3
双6储气库	气藏型	第四系沙一二段	砂岩	2 500~3 000	17.30	224	33.00	16.0
相国寺储气库	气藏型	石炭系黄龙组	碳酸盐岩	2 000~2 600	7.47	83.50~571.90	42.60	22.8
文96储气库	气藏型	古近系沙河街组	砂岩	2 330~2 660	22.30	59.34	5.88	2.95

类别	库址选择	钻井过程	完井方式	固井技术	运行过程			储层保护措施
类别	库址选择	钻井过程	完井方式	固井技术	设计原则	注采强度	运行周期	储层保护措施
气藏	开发后具有显著的经济效益	根据储层的岩性、流体等条件选择合适的钻井液及钻井方法	根据实际情况选择不同的完井方式	根据地质条件,选择合适的固井技术	稳产为前提,提高最终采收率	低速、单向采气	10~20年,直至废弃	相对容易控制
气藏型储气库	储、渗条件好,能满足“调峰”需求	储层压力低,防止钻井液漏失选择,低密度钻井液或气体钻井技术	一般选用裸眼完井和防砂筛管完井等	地质条件复杂,固井难度大	吞吐气量大,满足高峰用气注采强度大	注采强度大,气体压力正反向交替变化	30~50年,一年一个注采周期	地质条件复杂,难以控制,损害较为严重

损害类型	损害过程	损害程度
固相侵入	钻完井、试气、修井	5级
水相圈闭	钻完井、试气、修井	5级
流体敏感性损害	钻完井、试气、修井	4级
微粒运移	钻完井、试气	2级
润湿反转	钻完井	1级
有机垢/无机垢损害	钻完井	1级

井号	井深（m）	层位	漏失情况
相储1	2 491.40	石炭系	钻井液密度1.39 g/cm³, 漏速24 m³/h
相6	0~785	须家河—嘉二段	漏失清水10 112.6 m³, 漏失钻井液551 m³
相18	430~1 000	须家河—嘉一段	漏失清水35 079 m³
相30	31.39~850	须家河—嘉陵江	漏失清水10 298 m³