CO2驱油封存泄漏风险管理系统及应用研究

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024.01.013

油气藏评价与开发 ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (1): 91-101.doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024.01.013

CO₂驱油封存泄漏风险管理系统及应用研究

张志升¹(),吴向阳¹,吴倩²,王冀星²,林汉弛²,郭军红²,王锐³,李金花⁴,林千果⁵()

1.延长油田股份有限公司杏子川采油厂，陕西延安 717400
2.华北电力大学环境科学与工程学院，北京 102206
3.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院，北京 102206
4.上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院，上海 201306
5.上海交通大学碳中和发展研究院，上海 201306

收稿日期:2023-05-22 出版日期:2024-02-26 发布日期:2024-03-05
通讯作者: 林千果（1971—），男，博士，教授，从事碳捕集、利用与封存以及碳监测研究。地址：上海市徐汇区华山路1954号上海交通大学徐汇校区慧谷科技楼，邮政编码：201306。E-mail: qianguo.lin@sjtu.edu.cn
作者简介:张志升（1974—），男，硕士，正高级工程师，从事油田勘探开发研究。地址：陕西省延安市安塞区杏子川采油厂，邮政编码：717400。E-mail: 464542108@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目“区域二氧化碳捕集与封存关键技术研发与示范”(2022YFE0206800);国家重点研发计划项目“CO2驱油技术及地质封存安全监测”(2018YFB0605505);中国石化科技项目“油气区CO2封存机制及潜力评价方法研究”(P21075-1)

Risk management system and application of CO₂ flooding and sequestration leakage

ZHANG Zhisheng¹(),WU Xiangyang¹,WU Qian²,WANG Jixing²,LIN Hanchi²,GUO Junhong²,WANG Rui³,LI Jinhua⁴,LIN Qianguo⁵()

1. Xingzichuan Oil Production Plant, Yanchang Oil Field Corporation, Yan'an, Shaanxi 717400, China
2. North China Electric Power University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing 102206, China
3. Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 102206, China
4. Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai 201306, China
5. Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Research Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Shanghai 201306, China

Received:2023-05-22 Online:2024-02-26 Published:2024-03-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

CO₂驱油封存技术在提高原油采收率的同时能实现大规模CO₂封存。然而，驱油封存过程伴随着多种CO₂泄漏风险。针对以往CO₂泄漏风险管理系统的缺乏，特别是缺少基于在线监测的管理系统，难以支撑动态的风险管理，研究基于CO₂驱油封存泄漏风险管理体系的构建，开发了集成多环境实时风险识别和评估、多空间风险预测、多层级风险预警和全过程风险控制的动态CO₂泄漏风险管理系统，并应用于鄂尔多斯盆地延长石油CO₂驱油封存示范项目。案例应用研究表明，所开发的CO₂泄漏风险管理系统可以全空间动态识别CO₂驱油封存过程的各种泄漏风险，有效支撑泄漏风险的动态管理，为CO₂驱油封存项目提供全面及时的安全保障。

关键词: CO₂驱油封存, CO₂泄漏, 风险管理, 风险预测, 风险预警, 决策支持

Abstract:

CO₂ flooding and sequestration technology can significantly improve crude oil recovery rates while enge. However, the oil displaceabling large-scale CO₂ flooding and sequestration process is accompanied by various CO₂ leakage risks. In response to the lack of previous CO₂ leakage risk management systems, especially the absence of systems based on online monitoring that support dynamic risk management, research has been conducted on the construction of a CO₂ flooding and sequestration leakage risk management system. Based on the construction of CO₂ flooding and storage leakage risk management system, a dynamic CO₂ leakage risk management system integrating multi-environment real-time risk identification and assessment, multi-space risk prediction, multi-level risk early warning and whole process risk control was developed and applied to the CO₂ flooding and storage demonstration project of Yanchang Petroleum in Ordos Basin. Case studies demonstrate that the developed CO₂ leakage risk management system can dynamically identify various leakage risks throughout the CO₂ flooding and sequestration process across all spaces, effectively supporting the dynamic management of leakage risks. This provides comprehensive and timely safety assurance for CO₂ flooding and sequestration projects, ensuring that potential risks are managed and mitigated effectively to maintain the integrity and success of these projects.

Key words: CO₂ flooding and sequestration, CO₂ leakage, risk management, risk prediction, risk warning, decision support

中图分类号:

TE38

张志升, 吴向阳, 吴倩, 王冀星, 林汉弛, 郭军红, 王锐, 李金花, 林千果. CO₂驱油封存泄漏风险管理系统及应用研究[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2024, 14(1): 91-101.

ZHANG Zhisheng, WU Xiangyang, WU Qian, WANG Jixing, LIN Hanchi, GUO Junhong, WANG Rui, LI Jinhua, LIN Qianguo. Risk management system and application of CO₂ flooding and sequestration leakage[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2024, 14(1): 91-101.

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数据类型	内容
监测信息	深部地层地下水在线监测表
	取样分析数据表
	浅层地下水监测表
	地表水在线监测表
	土壤在线监测表
	大气在线监测表
	地表水水质监测表
风险预警	预警信息表
	风险等级表
	风险与预警映射表
方案措施	方案信息表
	方案措施表
	方案与风险映射表
	方案与措施映射表
系统管理	用户表
	角色表
	权限表
	功能模块表

监测对象	监测点数	监测层位	监测指标
浅层地下水	4	洛河组的地下水层	CO₂质量浓度、温度、pH值、电导率、压力
地表水	2	贺庄沟水库中间水域1.0 m和1.5 m	CO₂质量浓度、温度、pH值、电导率、压力
土壤	12	距离地面1.5 m和2.0 m深度	CO₂质量浓度、pH值、电导率、温度、土壤含水率
地表大气	12	距离地面1.0 m和1.5 m高度	CO₂体积分数、温度、湿度、风速、风向、压力

风险空间	指标	安全	基本不安全	不安全
盖层	长2+3层 CO₂质量浓度	小于等于背景值阈值	大于背景值阈值	大于背景值阈值
盖层	长1层CO₂质量浓度	小于等于背景值阈值	小于等于背景值阈值	大于背景值阈值
浅表地下水	CO₂质量浓度、pH值	pH值无明显改变	pH值改变不大于1个等级	pH值改变大于1个等级
土壤	土壤pH值	pH值相对背景值没有明显改变	pH值减小值不大于0.5	pH值减小值大于0.5
地表大气	CO₂体积分数阈值	≤0.10%	（0.10%，0.15%]	>0.15%

监测空间	安全性	预警对象	预警方式	预警信息
地下水	基本不安全	操作人员	弹窗发出声音	“XX站地下水泄漏风险”
	基本不安全	管理人员	短信发送到手机	地下水泄漏有风险
	不安全	操作人员	弹窗发出声音	“XX站地下水泄漏风险”
	不安全	管理人员	短信发送到手机	地下水泄漏有风险
土壤	基本不安全	操作人员	弹窗发出声音	“XX站土壤泄漏风险”
	基本不安全	管理人员	短信发送到手机	土壤泄漏有风险
	不安全	操作人员	弹窗发出声音	“XX站土壤泄漏风险”
	不安全	管理人员	短信发送到手机	土壤泄漏有风险
大气	基本不安全	操作人员	弹窗发出声音	“XX站大气泄漏风险”
	基本不安全	管理人员	短信发送到手机	大气泄漏有风险
	不安全	操作人员	弹窗发出声音	“XX站大气泄漏风险”
	不安全	管理人员	短信发送到手机	大气泄漏有风险

安全性	泄漏源	源头消减	途径控制	末端减缓
基本不安全	盖/断层泄漏	减少关联井CO₂注入	暂堵剂识别，永久封堵盖层泄漏通道	打开水源井，保持井水和大气联通以释放水中CO₂
基本不安全	井筒泄漏	减少关联井CO₂注入并修复井筒	暂堵剂识别，永久封堵井筒泄漏通道	打开水源井，保持井水和大气联通以释放水中CO₂
不安全	盖/断层突破上升	停止关联井CO₂注入	暂堵剂识别，永久封堵盖层泄漏通道	打开水源井，保持井水和大气联通以释放水中CO₂；抽气强化CO₂的释放
不安全	井筒泄漏	停止关联井CO₂注入并修复井筒	暂堵剂识别，永久封堵井筒泄漏通道	打开水源井，保持井水和大气联通以释放水中CO₂；抽气强化CO₂的释放

CO₂驱油封存泄漏风险管理系统及应用研究

Risk management system and application of CO₂ flooding and sequestration leakage

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