陆相湖盆水下喷发火山岩储层特征及发育模式——以松辽盆地长岭断陷查干花次凹为例

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024.02.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在松辽盆地长岭断陷陆相湖盆水下喷发的火石岭组火山碎屑岩中发现了工业油气，有广阔的勘探前景。研究针对火石岭组水下喷发火山碎屑岩储层的储集空间特征、物性特征及孔隙结构差异开展，分析不同类型储层物性差异原因及其形成和演化过程。主要有以下4个方面：①凝灰岩中火山玻璃含量较高，储集空间以脱玻化孔和溶蚀孔为主，并且粒度越粗物性越好，孔隙规模、孔径大小、孔隙丰度等方面逐渐变大；沉凝灰岩黏土矿物含量高，以黏土矿物晶间孔为主，物性差；凝灰质砂岩中长石、岩屑和浊沸石等易溶组分含量高，以溶蚀孔为主。②研究区火山碎屑岩储层原生孔隙不发育，储层较为致密，平均孔隙度为2.43%，渗透率平均值为0.076×10^-3μm²，粗粒凝灰岩孔隙度最高，其次是凝灰质砂岩和细粒凝灰岩，沉凝灰岩物性最差。③脱玻化作用是凝灰岩储层中高孔隙度和超低渗透率的重要原因，中成岩阶段的2次油气充注导致岩石发生有机酸溶蚀，此外，裂缝可以为有机酸和深部热液提供运移通道，导致后期溶蚀，并连接各种分散的溶蚀孔隙，提高储集空间的有效性。④近源相带气携水下火山碎屑流亚相粗粒凝灰岩储层是油气勘探的有利目标。

关键词: 松辽盆地, 长岭断陷, 陆相湖盆, 水下喷发, 火山碎屑岩储层, 储层发育模式

Abstract:

Industrial oil and gas have been found in the volcaniclastic rocks of the Huoshiling Formation erupted underwater in the continental lacustrine basin of the Changling fault depression in the Songliao Basin, which has broad exploration prospects. The study focuses on the reservoir space characteristics, physical properties and pore structure differences of the underwater eruption pyroclastic rock reservoirs in the Huoshiling Formation, and analyzes the reasons for the differences in physical properties of different types of reservoirs and their formation and evolution processes. There are mainly the following four aspects: ① Tuff, with its high volcanic glass content, predominantly features devitrification and dissolution pores as its main reservoir spaces. Coarser particle sizes in tuff correlate with improved physical properties, including larger and more abundant pores. Sedimentary tuff, rich in clay minerals, exhibits mainly interstitial spaces between these minerals and poorer physical properties. Tuffaceous sandstone, with high levels of soluble components like feldspar, debris, and laumontite, is characterized by dissolution pores. ② The average porosity is 2.43%, and the average permeability is 0.076×10^-3 μm². Coarse-grained tuff exhibits the highest porosity, followed by tuffaceous sandstone and fine-grained tuff, with sedimentary tuff displaying the poorest physical properties. ③ Devitrification significantly contributes to the high porosity yet ultra-low permeability observed in tuff reservoirs. Organic acid dissolution during the middle diagenesis stage, resulting from two separate oil and gas fillings, further enhances porosity. Additionally, fractures serve as conduits for organic acids and deep hydrothermal fluids, promoting further dissolution that connects dispersed dissolution pores and enhances reservoir space effectiveness. ④The coarse-grained tuff reservoir in the near-source facies gas-carrying subaqueous pyroclastic flow subfacies is a favorable target for oil and gas exploration.

Key words: Songliao Basin, Changling Fault Depression, continental lacustrine basin, underwater eruption, volcanic clastic rock reservoir, reservoir development model

中图分类号:

TE372

任宪军,石云倩,靖伟. 陆相湖盆水下喷发火山岩储层特征及发育模式——以松辽盆地长岭断陷查干花次凹为例[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2024, 14(2): 176-189.

Xianjun REN,Yunqian SHI,Wei JING. Characteristics and development model of underwater eruptive volcanic reservoirs in continental lacustrine basin: A case study of Chaganhua Subsag in Changling Fault Depression, Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2024, 14(2): 176-189.

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