致密砂岩气藏暂堵压裂裂缝起裂扩展实验模拟

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024.03.009

油气藏评价与开发 ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (3): 391-401.doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024.03.009

致密砂岩气藏暂堵压裂裂缝起裂扩展实验模拟

孔祥伟^1,²(),许洪星³,时贤⁴,陈杭⁵

1.长江大学石油工程学院，湖北武汉 430100
2.油气钻采工程湖北省重点实验室（长江大学），湖北武汉 430100
3.中国石油川庆钻探工程有限公司长庆井下技术作业公司，陕西西安 710000
4.中国石油大学（华东）石油工程学院，山东青岛 266000
5.中国石油长庆油田分公司第十采油厂，甘肃庆阳 745100

收稿日期:2023-06-13 出版日期:2024-06-26 发布日期:2024-07-10
作者简介:孔祥伟（1982—），博士，教授，从事油气井力学、非常规油气关键开发技术等研究。地址：湖北省武汉市蔡甸区大学路111号，邮政编码：430100。E-mail: kongxw_yangtze@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“页岩油立体井网CO2增能压裂空间应力场重构和裂缝扩展规律研究”(52374027);国家自然科学基金项目“高温高压气井环空压力动态预测及安全评价研究”(52074018);中国石化科技部项目“川西中浅层致密砂岩气藏体积压裂关键技术研究”(P22047)

Experimental simulation of fracture initiation and morphology in tight sandstone gas reservoirs temporary plugging fracturing

KONG Xiangwei^1,²(),XU Hongxing³,SHI Xian⁴,CHEN Hang⁵

1. School of petroleum engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei 430100, China
2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei 430100, China
3. CCDC Changqing Downhole Technology Company, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
4. School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum（East China）, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
5. The 10th Oil Production Plant of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Branch, Qingyang, Gansu 745100, China

Received:2023-06-13 Online:2024-06-26 Published:2024-07-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对鄂尔多斯盆地SD区块盒8段储层低孔低渗、非均质性强、常规压裂裂缝形态单一等问题，基于断裂力学理论，考虑缝内流体压降，结合盒8段储层岩石力学参数，开展暂堵压裂裂缝与初次压裂裂缝在整个接触过程中的相互作用力学研究。计算分析了不同裂缝走向、井斜角、方位角等参数对压裂裂缝参数的影响规律，起裂压力随井斜角和方位角的增加而减小；起裂角随井斜角增加而减小直至为0°，随方位角先增加而后减小。通过制备人工水泥试样，利用大尺寸真三轴物模实验系统模拟了暂堵压裂中新缝起裂及其转向行为，评价了不同井斜角、方位角下新缝起裂、转向及延伸行为和起裂压力及裂缝改造面积等参数。实验结果表明：井斜角增大，初次及二次起裂压力呈减小的趋势，裂缝更易转向且改造面积越大。井斜角相同时，裂缝起裂压力随井筒方位角增加而逐渐减小，裂缝改造面积随方位角增加而增大。方位角90°螺旋射孔相比方位角0°螺旋射孔形成的裂缝更为复杂，定面射孔可调控水平井破裂压力及初始破裂位置，初始破裂产生于射孔井筒界面、孔道中部等不同位置，控制射孔射角介于75°~90°。研究结果为低渗透致密砂岩气藏暂堵压裂设计提供了依据。

关键词: 真三轴, 暂堵压裂, 起裂扩展, 破裂压力, 起裂角, 裂缝改造面积

Abstract:

This study addresses the challenges presented by the reservoirs in He-8 member in SD block of Ordos Basin, characterized by low porosity, low permeability, strong heterogeneity, and conventional fracturing fracture shapes. Utilizing fracture mechanics, this research examines the interactions between temporarily blocked fractures and the initial fracture throughout their entire contact period. Key considerations include fluid pressure drop within the fracture and the rock mechanics parameters of the reservoirs in He-8 member. The study systematically analyzes the influence of various parameters such as fracture strike, well deviation angle, and azimuth angle on fracturing fracture parameters. Notable findings include: Fracturing pressure decreases with increasing well deviation angle and azimuth angle. The initiation angle diminishes as well inclination increases, reaching a nadir before decreasing further with azimuth angle adjustments. Using artificial cement samples and a large-scale experimental system with realistic triaxial physical models, the study simulates the initiation, turning, and propagation behaviors of new fractures in temporary plugging fracturing. The behaviors of initiation, steering and extension of newly formed fractures at different well inclination and azimuth angles were evaluated along with the parameters such as fracture initiation pressure and fracture stimulated area. The experimental results reveal: Both initial and secondary fracture pressures tend to decrease as well inclination increases, making fractures more prone to turning and significantly enlarging the modifiable area. With consistent trap inclination, fracture initiation pressure decreases and the fracture modification area expands as bore azimuth increases. Fractures resulting from azimuthal 90° spiral perforation exhibit greater complexity compared to those from azimuthal 0° spiral perforation. Additionally, fixed surface perforation techniques can regulate fracture pressure and the initial fracture positions in horizontal wells, recommending a perforation angle between 75° and 90°. These findings offer valuable insights for the design of temporary plugs and fracturing strategies in low-permeability tight sandstone oil and gas reservoirs.

Key words: true triaxial, temporary plugging fracturing, fracture initiation and morphology, breakdown pressure, fracturing angle, fracture stimulation surface area

中图分类号:

TE357

孔祥伟,许洪星,时贤,陈杭. 致密砂岩气藏暂堵压裂裂缝起裂扩展实验模拟[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2024, 14(3): 391-401.

KONG Xiangwei,XU Hongxing,SHI Xian,CHEN Hang. Experimental simulation of fracture initiation and morphology in tight sandstone gas reservoirs temporary plugging fracturing[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2024, 14(3): 391-401.

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井号	岩性	井深/m	密度/ （g/cm³）	围压/ MPa	抗压强度/ MPa	弹性模量/ GPa	泊松比	黏聚力/ MPa	内摩擦角/ （° ）
SD-A	灰色砂岩	3 078.35 ~ 3 078.50	2.51	0	29.021	12.405 3	0.215	6.66	40.70
SD-A	灰色砂岩	3 078.35 ~ 3 078.50	2.51	15	100.260	14.105 2	0.205	6.66	40.70
SD-B	灰色细砂岩	2 911.89~2 911.99	2.64	0	117.394	23.730 9	0.132	30.69	34.80
SD-B	灰色细砂岩	2 911.89~2 911.99	2.65	15	172.275	27.224 2	0.195	30.69	34.80
SD-C	灰色砂岩	3 000.50~3 000.80	2.48	0	39.564	12.281 0	0.176	7.51	40.44
SD-C	灰色砂岩	3 000.50~3 000.80	2.52	15	143.732	21.041 2	0.186	7.51	40.44
SD-D	灰色砂岩	3 120.39~3 120.49	2.54	0	30.040	11.931 5	0.218	6.59	42.65
SD-D	灰色砂岩	3 120.39~3 120.49	2.56	15	108.070	14.384 0	0.198	6.59	42.65
		平均值			92.545	17.137 9	0.191	12.86	39.65

序号	抗压强度/MPa	抗拉强度/MPa
试样1	93.60	8.12
试样2	89.80	7.23
试样3	96.52	9.35
试样4	87.81	5.63
试样5	88.58	5.24
试样6	92.12	9.21

组别	序号	井斜角/方位角	模拟地应力（σ_H/σ_h/σ_v）/MPa	泵注排量/（mL/min）	备注
一	试样1	0°/0°	55.80/47.75/66.84	5 mL/min上升到10 mL/min （泵注暂堵剂）	切换泵注排量前加注暂堵剂实施暂堵
	试样2	45°/0°	55.80/47.75/66.84
	试样3	90°/0°	55.80/47.75/66.84
二	试样4	0°/90°	55.80/47.75/66.84	5 mL/min上升到10 mL/min （泵注暂堵剂）	切换泵注排量前加注暂堵剂实施暂堵
	试样5	45°/90°	55.80/47.75/66.84
	试样6	90°/90°	55.80/47.75/66.84

序号	井斜角/ 方位角	初次压裂裂缝参数			二次起裂裂缝参数
序号	井斜角/ 方位角	泵注排量/ （mL/min）	泵压峰值/ MPa	裂缝改造面积/ cm²	泵注排量/ （mL/min）	泵压峰值/ MPa	裂缝改造面积/ cm²
试样1	0°/0°	5.0	56.0	1 053.83	10.0	62.0	972.23
试样2	45°/0°		54.2	1 238.81		59.0	1 167.58
试样3	90°/0°		52.3	1 609.61		57.0	1 442.43
试样4	0°/90°		50.9	1 102.37		57.0	1 093.45
试样5	45°/90°		45.7	1 365.13		55.1	1 294.31
试样6	90°/90°		41.3	1 782.93		49.9	1 532.22

致密砂岩气藏暂堵压裂裂缝起裂扩展实验模拟

Experimental simulation of fracture initiation and morphology in tight sandstone gas reservoirs temporary plugging fracturing

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