莺歌海盆地X气田基于地热模型的地热资源评价

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.05.018

油气藏评价与开发 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (5): 891-899.doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.05.018

莺歌海盆地X气田基于地热模型的地热资源评价

梁玉凯¹^,²(), 郑华安¹^,², 曾倩宜¹^,², 宋吉锋¹^,², 田中原¹^,², 蒋恕³^,⁴^,⁵()

1.中海石油（中国）有限公司海南分公司，海南海口 570312
2.中国海油南海油气能源院士工作站，海南海口 570312
3.中国地质大学（武汉）深层地热富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室，湖北武汉 430074
4.中国地质大学构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室，湖北武汉 430074
5.中国地质大学（武汉）新能源学院，湖北武汉 430074

收稿日期:2024-08-22 发布日期:2025-09-19 出版日期:2025-10-26
通讯作者: 蒋恕（1976—），男，博士，教授，主要从事油气和地热勘探开发研究。地址：湖北省武汉市鲁磨路388号，邮政编码：430074。E-mail：jiangsu@cug.edu.cn
作者简介:梁玉凯（1981—），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事采油和采热工艺技术研究与应用。地址：海南省海口市秀英区长滨三路6号1609室，邮政编码：570312。E-mail：liangyk1@cnooc.com.cn
基金资助:
湖北省国际科技合作项目“全球地热新能源勘探开发有利区预测和利用技术研究”(2024EHA026);深地国家科技重大专项“典型高温地热系统精细表征与资源评价”(2024ZD1003503);国家重点研发计划项目课题“地质资源智能预测及勘探开发地质风险评估理论模型与方法”(2022YFF0801202);国家重点研发计划项目“地质资源精准开发风险预测的大数据智能分析技术及平台建设”(2022YFF0801200)

Geothermal resource evaluation of X gasfield in Yinggehai Basin based on geothermal modeling

LIANG Yukai¹^,²(), ZHENG Hua’an¹^,², ZENG Qianyi¹^,², SONG Jifeng¹^,², TIAN Zhongyuan¹^,², JIANG Shu³^,⁴^,⁵()

1. CNOOC China Limited, Hainan Company, Haikou, Hainan 570312, China
2. CNOOC South China Sea Oil & Gas Energy Academician Workstation, Haikou, Hainan 570312, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Deep Geothermal Resources, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
4. Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
5. School of Sustainable Energy, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China

Received:2024-08-22 Online:2025-09-19 Published:2025-10-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

莺歌海盆地是中国南海西部海域天然气勘探的重点区域，近年来在X气田黄流组不仅发现了具有商业潜力的气层，而且钻遇了大量高温地层水，显示出水热型地热资源开发的良好前景。然而，当前尚缺乏针对该系统的地热资源量评价研究。以莺歌海盆地X气田为例，综合钻井、测井、岩心和地震资料，构建了非均质三维热储地质模型，实现了孔隙度、渗透率、温度和含水饱和度等关键属性的网格化建模与分配。模型构建过程中引入多次随机模拟与地震属性约束，以增强地质参数空间展布的合理性与精度。基于该模型，采用容积法对黄流组热储进行了地热资源量评价，并识别了主要地热富集区。研究表明：黄流组热储地层温度介于167.0~197.6 ℃，平均温度达186.5 ℃，具备高温地热开发条件。地热总资源量为3.84×10¹⁶ kJ，折合标准煤1 310.5×10⁶ t，其中细砂岩为主要热储。按8%的可采系数计算，可采资源量约为0.31×10¹⁶ kJ，折合标准煤104.8×10⁶ t。资源空间分布揭示了2个主要地热富集区，均位于黄流组深水浊积水道砂体中，具有高温、良好物性和细砂岩发育等特点，是未来开发的优选区域。同时，含水饱和度模型分析显示，黄流组东部与西部含水率均较高，发育独立水体，可作为潜在的开发区。研究成果为莺歌海盆地地热资源的分布特征和开发潜力提供了更直观的认识，对推动中国海上气田与地热协同开发具有重要指导意义。

关键词: 莺歌海盆地, 油气田地热, 热储建模, 海上地热资源评价, 容积法

Abstract:

The Yinggehai Basin is a key area for natural gas exploration in the western South China Sea. In recent years, commercially viable gas formations and abundant high-temperature formation water have been discovered in the Huangliu Formation of the X gasfield, indicating promising prospects for hydrothermal geothermal resource development. However, geothermal resource evaluation for this system are still lacking. Taking the X gasfield in the Yinggehai Basin as a case study, a heterogeneous 3D geothermal reservoir geological model was constructed by integrating drilling, logging, core, and seismic data. Key properties such as porosity, permeability, temperature, and water saturation were modeled and assigned in a gridded format. During the model construction, multiple stochastic simulations and seismic attribute constraints were introduced to enhance the rationality and accuracy of the spatial distribution of geological parameters. Based on this model, the volumetric method was applied to evaluate the geothermal resource potential of the Huangliu Formation, and the main geothermal resource-rich zones were identified. The results showed that the reservoir temperatures in the Huangliu Formation ranged from 167.0 ℃ to 197.6 ℃, with an average of 186.5 ℃, indicating favorable conditions for high-temperature geothermal development. The total geothermal resource was estimated to be 3.84×10¹⁶ kJ, equivalent to 1 310.5×10⁶ t of standard coal, with fine sandstone serving as the main reservoir lithology. Assuming a recovery coefficient of 8%, the recoverable resource was approximately 0.31×10¹⁶ kJ, equivalent to standard coal of 104.8×10⁶ t. The spatial distribution of resources revealed two major geothermal-rich zones, both located in the sand bodies of deepwater turbidite channels of the Huangliu Formation. These zones were characterized by high temperatures, favorable physical properties, and well-developed fine sandstone, making them preferred areas for future development. Meanwhile, water saturation model analysis indicated high water content in both the eastern and western parts of the Huangliu Formation, suggesting the presence of isolated water bodies that could serve as potential development areas. The research results provide clearer insights into the distribution characteristics and development potential of geothermal resources in the Yinggehai Basin and offer important guidance for promoting the integrated development of offshore gas fields and geothermal energy in China.

Key words: Yinggehai Basin, geothermal energy in oil and gas fields, geothermal reservoir modeling, offshore geothermal resource evaluation, volumetric method

中图分类号:

TE51

梁玉凯,郑华安,曾倩宜, 等. 莺歌海盆地X气田基于地热模型的地热资源评价[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2025, 15(5): 891-899.

LIANG Yukai,ZHENG Hua’an,ZENG Qianyi, et al. Geothermal resource evaluation of X gasfield in Yinggehai Basin based on geothermal modeling[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2025, 15(5): 891-899.

图/表 12

图1

图2

图3

表1

表2

图4

图5

图6

图7

表 3

表4

图8

参考文献 36

[1]	邹才能, 何东博, 贾成业, 等. 世界能源转型内涵、路径及其对碳中和的意义[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(2): 233-247. doi: 10.7623/syxb202102008
	ZOU Caineng, HE Dongbo, JIA Chengye, et al. Connotation and pathway of world energy transition and its significance for carbon neutral[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2021, 42(2): 233-247. doi: 10.7623/syxb202102008
[2]	何东博, 吕博舜, 王雨佳, 等. 中国石油冀东油田地热能开发思考与实践[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2024, 14(6): 825-833.
	HE Dongbo, Boshun LYU, WANG Yujia, et al. Thoughts and practices of geothermal energy development in PetroChina Jidong Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2024, 14(6): 825-833.
[3]	盖长城, 赵忠新, 任路, 等. 中深层水热型地热资源集群式开发井位部署参数研究与应用: 以HTC地热田为例[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2024, 14(4): 638-646.
	GAI Changcheng, ZHAO Zhongxin, REN Lu, et al. Research and application of well location deployment parameters for cluster development of medium-deep hydrothermal geothermal resources: A case study of HTC geothermal field[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2024, 14(4): 638-646.
[4]	柏宗宪, 王宇飞, 郝杰, 等. 基于地质构造特征的地热资源评价及开发部署[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2024, 14(6): 834-841.
	BAI Zongxian, WANG Yufei, HAO Jie, et al. Geothermal resource evaluation and development deployment based on geological structural characteristics[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2024, 14(6): 834-841.
[5]	饶松, 肖红平, 王朱亭, 等. 渤海湾盆地馆陶组热储特征与地热资源评价[J]. 天然气工业, 2023, 43(5): 141-152.
	RAO Song, XIAO Hongping, WANG Zhuting, et al. Geothermal reservoir characteristics and geothermal resource evaluation of Guantao Formation in the Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2023, 43(5): 141-152.
[6]	宋先知, 许富强, 宋国锋. 废弃井地热能开发技术现状与发展建议[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2020, 48(6): 1-7.
	SONG Xianzhi, XU Fuqiang, SONG Guofeng. Technical status and development suggestions in exploiting geothermal energy from abandoned wells[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2020, 48(6): 1-7.
[7]	代龙, 尤丽, 吴仕玖, 等. 莺歌海盆地乐东区高温超压储层物性下限及分类[J]. 海相油气地质, 2022, 27(2): 157-166.
	DAI Long, YOU Li, WU Shijiu, et al. Physical property lower limit and classification of high temperature and overpressure reservoirs in Ledong area of Yinggehai Basin[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2022, 27(2): 157-166.
[8]	郝芳, 邹华耀, 黄保家. 莺歌海盆地天然气生成模式及其成藏流体响应[J]. 中国科学(D辑: 地球科学), 2002, 32(11): 889-895.
	HAO Fang, ZOU Huayao, HUANG Baojia. Natural gas generation pattern and its reservoir-forming fluid response in the Yinggehai Basin[J]. Science in China(Series D), 2002, 32(11): 889-895.
[9]	谢玉洪, 郑华安, 梁玉凯, 等. 南海盆地地热地质条件和资源形成因素[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 50(6): 647-660.
	XIE Yuhong, ZHENG Hua’an, LIANG Yukai, et al. Geothermal geological conditions and resource formation factors in the South China Sea Basin[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 2023, 50(6): 647-660.
[10]	王贵玲, 张薇, 梁继运, 等. 中国地热资源潜力评价[J]. 地球学报, 2017, 38(4): 449-459.
	WANG Guiling, ZHANG Wei, LIANG Jiyun, et al. Evaluation of geothermal resources potential in China[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 2017, 38(4): 449-459.
[11]	CIRIACO A E, ZARROUK S J, ZAKERI G. Geothermal resource and reserve assessment methodology: Overview, analysis and future directions[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2020, 119: 109515.
[12]	闫家泓, 王社教, 姚艳华, 等. 油区地热资源评价与开发利用实践[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2022.
	YAN Jiahong, WANG Shejiao, YAO Yanhua, et al. Evaluation, development and utilization of geothermal resources in oil region[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2022.
[13]	董月霞, 黄红祥, 任路, 等. 渤海湾盆地北部新近系馆陶组地热田特征及开发实践: 以河北省唐山市曹妃甸地热供暖项目为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2021, 48(3): 666-676. doi: 10.11698/PED.2021.03.22
	DONG Yuexia, HUANG Hongxiang, REN Lu, et al. Geology and development of geothermal field in Neogene Guantao Formation in northern Bohai Bay Basin: A case of the Caofeidian geothermal heating project in Tangshan, China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2021, 48(3): 666-676.
[14]	赵杰, 郭清海. 基于三维地质建模的地热资源潜力评价:以施甸地热区为例[J]. 地球科学, 2023, 48(3): 1107-1117.
	ZHAO Jie, GUO Qinghai. Geothermal resources evaluation based on 3D geological modeling: The case of Shidian geothermal area[J]. Earth Science, 2023, 48(3): 1107-1117.
[15]	张源, 万志军, 胡淞博, 等. 矿井岩溶热储三维地质建模及地热资源潜力评价[J]. 煤炭学报, 2024, 49(8): 3571-3579.
	ZHANG Yuan, WAN Zhijun, HU Songbo, et al. 3D geological modeling of mine karst geothermal reservoir and geothermal resources evaluation[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2024, 49(8): 3571-3579.
[16]	郭路, 夏岩, 段晨阳, 等. 长庆油田区中深层地热资源储量评价[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2023, 13(6): 749-756.
	GUO Lu, XIA Yan, DUAN Chenyang, et al. Evaluation of middle and deep geothermal resources reserves in Changqing Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2023, 13(6): 749-756.
[17]	BARCELONA H, SENGER M, YAGUPSKY D. Resource assessment of the Copahue geothermal field[J]. Geothermics, 2021, 90: 101987.
[18]	CROOIJMANS R A, WILLEMS C J L, NICK H M, et al. The influence of facies heterogeneity on the doublet performance in low-enthalpy geothermal sedimentary reservoirs[J]. Geothermics, 2016, 64: 209-219.
[19]	PANDEY S N, VISHAL V, CHAUDHURI A. Geothermal reservoir modeling in a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical approach: A review[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2018, 185: 1157-1169.
[20]	王社教, 李峰, 闫家泓, 等. 油田地热资源评价方法及应用[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(5): 553-564. doi: 10.7623/syxb202005004
	WANG Shejiao, LI Feng, YAN Jiahong, et al. Evaluation methods and application of geothermal resources in oilfields[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020, 41(5): 553-564. doi: 10.7623/syxb202005004
[21]	黄国疏, 胡祥云, 刘亮, 等. 雄安新区热储物性非均质条件下地热资源潜力评价[J]. 地球科学, 2024, 49(12): 4576-4592.
	HUANG Guoshu, HU Xiangyun, LIU Liang, et al. Geothermal resource evaluation under the non-homogeneous thermal reservoir properties in Xiong’an New Area[J]. Earth Science, 2024, 49(12): 4576-4592.
[22]	杨东辉, 童亨茂, 范彩伟, 等. 莺歌海盆地构造转折界面的确定及其地质意义[J]. 大地构造与成矿学, 2019, 43(3): 590-601.
	YANG Donghui, TONG Hengmao, FAN Caiwei, et al. Determination of the tectonic transformation surface in Yinggehai Basin and its geological significance[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2019, 43(3): 590-601.
[23]	CAO L, JIANG T, WANG Z, et al. Provenance of Upper Miocene sediments in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins, northwestern South China Sea: Evidence from REE, heavy minerals and zircon U-Pb ages[J]. Marine Geology, 2015, 361: 136-146.
[24]	姜平, 何胜林, 杨朝强, 等. 莺歌海盆地LD10区高含CO₂天然气充注期次精细厘定与成藏模式[J]. 地球科学, 2022, 47(5): 1569-1585.
	JIANG Ping, HE Shenglin, YANG Zhaoqiang, et al. High CO₂ Natural gas charging events, timing and accumulation pattern in LD10 area of Yinggehai Basin[J]. Earth Science, 2022, 47(5): 1569-1585.
[25]	李绪深, 杨计海, 范彩伟, 等. 南海北部海域高温超压天然气勘探新进展与关键技术: 以莺歌海盆地乐东斜坡带为例[J]. 中国海上油气, 2020, 32(1): 23-31.
	LI Xushen, YANG Jihai, FAN Caiwei, et al. New progress and key technologies for high temperature and overpressure natural gas exploration in the northern part of South China Sea: Taking the Ledong slope belt of Yinggehai Basin as an example[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2020, 32(1): 23-31.
[26]	郑峰, 宋荣彩, 董贵宇, 等. 莺歌海盆地现今地温场及热结构研究[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 50(6): 661-672.
	ZHENG Feng, SONG Rongcai, DONG Guiyu, et al. Study on present geothermal field and thermal structure in Yinggehai Basin[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 2023, 50(6): 661-672.
[27]	陈杨, 张道军, 张建新, 等. 莺歌海盆地莺东斜坡黄流组轴向重力流水道沉积特征及控制因素[J]. 东北石油大学学报, 2020, 44(2): 91-102.
	CHEN Yang, ZHANG Daojun, ZHANG Jianxin, et al. Sedimentary characteristics and controlling factors of the axial gravity channel in Huangliu Formation of the Yingdong Slope Area in Yinggehai Basin[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2020, 44(2): 91-102.
[28]	范彩伟, 曹江骏, 罗静兰, 等. 异常高压下海相重力流致密砂岩非均质性特征及其影响因素: 以莺歌海盆地LD10区中新统黄流组储集层为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2021, 48(5): 903-915. doi: 10.11698/PED.2021.05.03
	FAN Caiwei, CAO Jiangjun, LUO Jinglan, et al. Heterogeneity and influencing factors of marine gravity flow tight sandstone under abnormally high pressure: A case study from the Miocene Huangliu Formation reservoirs in LD10 area, Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2021, 48(5): 903-915.
[29]	贾茹. 莺琼盆地盖层完整性及与天然气成藏[D]. 大庆: 东北石油大学, 2018.
	JIA Ru. The integrity of caprocks and gas accumulation in Yingqiong Basin[D]. Daqing: Northeast Petroleum University, 2018.
[30]	李超, 罗晓容, 范彩伟, 等. 莺歌海盆地乐东斜坡区乐东A构造储层超压形成机制及其对天然气成藏的启示[J]. 地质科学, 2021, 56(4): 1034-1051.
	LI Chao, LUO Xiaorong, FAN Caiwei, et al. Generation mechanism of overpressure and its implication for natural gas accumulation in Miocene reservoir in Ledong A structure, Ledong slope, Yinggehai Basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology (Scientia Geologica Sinica), 2021, 56(4): 1034-1051.
[31]	AL-BALDAWI B A. Building a 3D geological model using petrel software for Asmari reservoir, south Eastern Iraq[J]. Iraqi Journal of Science, 2015, 56(2C): 1750-1762.
[32]	OTOO D, HODGETTS D. Porosity and permeability prediction through forward stratigraphic simulations using GPM^TM and Petrel^TM: Application in shallow marine depositional settings[J]. Geoscientific Model Development, 2021, 14(4): 2075-2095.
[33]	丛淑飞, 周宏, 赵艳, 等. 大民屯凹陷沈水501中深层地热田三维地质建模技术研究[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2023, 13(6): 741-748.
	CONG Shufei, ZHOU Hong, ZHAO Yan, et al. 3D geological modeling technology of medium-deep geothermal field in Shenshui 501 geothermal field in Damintun Sag[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2023, 13(6): 741-748.
[34]	谢和平, 杨仲康, 邓建辉. 粤港澳大湾区地热资源潜力评估[J]. 工程科学与技术, 2019, 51(1): 1-8.
	XIE Heping, YANG Zhongkang, DENG Jianhui. Assessment of geothermal resource potential in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area[J]. Advanced Engineering Sciences, 2019, 51(1): 1-8.
[35]	张禄权, 左银辉, 孙义高, 等. 川中地区栖霞–茅口组地热资源评价探讨[J]. 沉积与特提斯地质, 2023, 43(2): 261-270.
	ZHANG Luquan, ZUO Yinhui, SUN Yigao, et al. Geothermal resource evaluation of the Middle Permian QixiaMaokou formation in the Central Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 2023, 43(2): 261-270.
[36]	中华人民共和国自然资源部. 地热资源评价方法及估算规程: [S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2020.
	Ministry of Natural Resources of the Peoples Republic of China. Specification for estimation and evaluation of geothermal resources: [S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2020.

储层类型	储层评价	孔隙度/%	渗透率/10⁻³μm²	孔-喉类型	层段及岩性
Ⅰ	有效储层	>10	≥10.00	较细—细喉	黄二段粗砂岩
Ⅱ₁		10~15	5.00~10.00	细喉	黄二段粗砂岩
Ⅱ₂		12~15	1.00~5.00	细喉、微喉	黄一段细砂岩；黄二段中砂岩
Ⅲ		8~12	0.20~1.00	细—微喉	黄一段细砂岩；黄二段中砂岩
Ⅳ₁	非有效储层	5~8	0.05~0.20	微喉	黄二段细砂岩
Ⅳ₂	非有效储层	<5	<0.05	微喉

岩性划分	孔隙度/%	渗透率/10⁻³μm²
泥岩	<8	<0.2
细砂岩	8~<12	0.2~<1.0
中细砂岩	12~15	1.0~5.0
粗砂岩	>15	>5.0

岩性和流体	密度/（kg/m³）	比热容/[J/(kg·℃)]
泥岩	1 980	751
细砂岩	2 634	855
中砂岩	2 564	941
粗砂岩	2 478	960
水	1 000	4 183

岩性和流体	地热资源量/10¹⁶kJ	折合标准煤/10⁶ t
合计	3.84	1 310.5
细砂岩	2.70	921.6
中砂岩	0.53	179.8
粗砂岩	0.14	49.2
水	0.47	159.9

莺歌海盆地X气田基于地热模型的地热资源评价

Geothermal resource evaluation of X gasfield in Yinggehai Basin based on geothermal modeling

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 12

参考文献 36

相关文章 1

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0