针对缝洞型油藏单元注水中油井单向受效为主、易沿主通道快速推进,导致水驱储量有效控制和高效动用程度低的难题,采用了物模和数值模拟的方法,分析了不同岩溶背景下缝洞结构分布和水驱开发效果的关系,形成了基于缝洞空间分布的差异化注采关系。研究认为：风化壳岩溶采取构造低部位注水、高部位采油,储集体不发育区注水、发育区采油,建立一注多采的注采关系;断控岩溶在平面上次级断裂区注水、主干断裂区采油,纵向上断裂深部注水、浅层采油,形成立体注采的注采关系;古暗河岩溶的主暗河段实施主干暗河段注水、分支暗河采油,多套暗河实施深部暗河注水、浅层暗河采油,构建分层注采的注采关系。缝洞型油藏不同岩溶背景下注采关系的建立为实现空间结构井网水驱控制储量最大化奠定重要的基础。

In the fractured-vuggy reservoir unit, the water injection mainly affects the oil well unidirectionally and is easy to advance rapidly along the main channel, leading to the problems of difficult to effective control the water drive reserves and low efficient production. By the methods of physical model and numerical simulation, the relation between the structure of fracture/cave and the development effect of water flooding in different karst background is analyzed, and the differential injection-production relation based on the spatial distribution of fracture/cave is formed. The results show that: in the crust karst reservoirs, the mode of water injection in the low part and oil production in the high part of the structure, and water injection in the undeveloped area and oil production in the developed area is adopted to establish the injection-production relation of one injection well to multiple production wells. In the fracture-controlled reservoirs, the mode of water injection in the secondary fault and oil production in the main fault, and water injection in the deep fracture area and shallow for oil production in the longitudinal direction is adopted to form the stereoscopic injection-production relation. In the ancient underground river reservoirs, the water injection in the main section and oil production in the branch are implemented in the main dark section, and the water injection in deep and oil production in shallow are implemented in multiple dark rivers, so as to establish the layered injection-production relation. The establishment of injection-production relation in different karst backgrounds of fractured-vuggy reservoirs lay an important foundation for maximizing water drive controlled reserves of spatial well pattern.