页岩气勘探

渝东南地区五峰—龙马溪组页岩气储层孔缝发育特征及其地质意义

  • 吴艳艳 ,
  • 高玉巧 ,
  • 陈云燕 ,
  • 李辉 ,
  • 蔡潇 ,
  • 丁安徐
展开
  • 1.中国石化华东油气分公司实验研究中心,江苏 扬州 225007
    2.中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院,江苏 南京 210000
吴艳艳(1982—),女,博士研究生,高级工程师,从事非常规天然气地质实验研究。地址:江苏省扬州市邗沟路50号,邮政编码:225007。E-mail:wuyanyan26@126.com

收稿日期: 2020-10-13

  网络出版日期: 2021-02-04

基金资助

国家科技重大专项“彭水地区常压页岩气勘探开发示范工程”(2016ZX05061)

Characteristics and geological significance of pore and fracture of shale gas reservoirs in Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, southeastern Chongqing

  • Yanyan Wu ,
  • Yuqiao Gao ,
  • Yunyan Chen ,
  • Hui Li ,
  • Xiao Cai ,
  • Anxu Ding
Expand
  • 1. Experimental Research Center, Sinopec East China Oil and Gas Company, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225007, China
    2. Research Institute of Exploration and Exploitation, Sinopec East China Oil and Gas Company, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China

Received date: 2020-10-13

  Online published: 2021-02-04

摘要

选择渝东南地区五峰—龙马溪组页岩储层为研究对象,采用场发射扫描电镜、低温液氮吸附、覆压渗透率孔隙度测试等实验,分析页岩中微观孔缝类型、孔隙结构及其分形学特征等。研究发现,页岩宏观裂缝主要为页理缝与构造缝,盆缘高压页岩气井样品中裂缝多数呈雁列状分布,盆外常压页岩气井样品中裂缝形态较为平直。宏观裂缝极为发育的位置微裂缝也较为发育,含气量与渗透率高。深部与浅部页岩孔缝特征存在明显差异。深部样品裂缝发育较浅部样品少,微裂缝以收缩缝与溶蚀缝为主。浅部样品中孔隙类型、形态、结构在纵向上具有相似的分布特征,平均孔径与覆压孔隙度明显大于深部样品。石英与黏土矿物对微孔和中孔的发育有一定的影响,显微类型是有机孔发育的重要影响因素。埋深大于3 500 m时,孔隙形态与孔径分布的主要影响因素为深度,深部页岩经历更为复杂的成岩作用,孔隙遭受强烈的后期改造,孔缝结构不再是被有机质主控。具有这类孔缝赋存特征的深部页岩压裂时,缝网形成的难度较大,需要对深部页岩缝网形成机制开展进一步的研究。通过对不同尺度裂缝的观测,可快速判断易压裂层位的位置,即使这类孔缝占比原位孔隙体积的比例极小,对储层的渗透率没有作用,但是在压裂改造下,这类孔缝群体会被激发,作为页岩储层的主要渗流通道。

本文引用格式

吴艳艳 , 高玉巧 , 陈云燕 , 李辉 , 蔡潇 , 丁安徐 . 渝东南地区五峰—龙马溪组页岩气储层孔缝发育特征及其地质意义[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2021 , 11(1) : 62 -71 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2021.01.009

Abstract

The types of micro-pores, pore structures and fractal characteristics of shale have been analyzed for the shale reservoir of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Southeastern Chongqing by field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM), low temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption and overpressure permeability porosity test. It is found that the macroscopic fracture types are mainly foliated fractures and structural fractures, and most of the fractures in the samples along the basin are arranged in an echelon series, while the fractures in the atmospheric pressure shale gas well samples outside the basin are relatively straight. The positions where the macroscopic fractures develop most are also the places where the microfractures develop well. Usually, it has high gas content and permeability. There are obvious differences between the occurrence characteristics of pore fractures in deep shale and relatively shallow shale. The fractures in the deep samples are less developed compared with those in the shallow samples, and the microfractures are mainly shrinkage and dissolution fractures. The pore type, shape and structure of the shallow samples have similar longitudinal distribution characteristics. The average pore diameter and overburden porosity of shallow samples are obviously larger than that of deep samples. Quartz and clay have a certain influence on the development of micropores and mesopores. The microscopic type is an important influence factor on the development of organic pores. When the burial depth is greater than 3 500 m, depth is the main influence factor on pore morphology and pore size distribution. The deep shale undergoes more complex diagenesis, the pores undergo intense late transformation, and the pore structure is no longer dominated by organic matter. It is difficult to form fracture network when fracturing the deep shale with such pore fracture occurrence characteristics, so further research on the formation mechanism of deep shale fracture network is needed. Through the observation of fractures with different scales, the layer easy to fracture can be quickly determined. Even though such fractures account for a very small proportion of in-situ pore volume and have no effect on the permeability of the reservoir, such pore groups can be stimulated because of fracturing and serve as the main seepage channels of shale reservoir.

参考文献

[1] Jarvie D M, Hill R J, Ruble T E, et al. Unconventional shale-gas systems: the Mississippian Barnett shale of north-central Texas asone model for thermo genic shale-gas assessment[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2007,91(4):475-499.
[2] 王玉满, 黄金亮, 李新景, 等. 四川盆地下志留统龙马溪组页岩裂缝孔隙定量表征[J]. 天然气工业, 2015,35(9):8-15.
[2] Wang Yuman, Huang Jinliang, Li Xinjing, et al. Quantitative characterization of fractures and pores in shale beds of the Lower Silurian, Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2015,35(9):8-15.
[3] 陈术源, 秦勇. 河北省北部页岩样品纳米级孔隙结构及其影响因素[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2017,28(6):873-881.
[3] Chen Shuyuan, Qin Yong. Nanometer pore structure and geological controls of shale samples in northern Hebei Province, China[J]. Natural gas geosciences, 2017,28(6):873-881.
[4] 高玉巧, 蔡潇, 张培先, 等. 渝东南盆缘转换带五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气储层孔隙特征与演化[J]. 天然气工业, 2018,38(12):15-25.
[4] Gao Yuqiao, Cai Xiao, Zhang Peixian, et al. Pore characteristics and evolution of Wufeng-LongmaxiFms shale gas reservoirsin the basin-margin transition zone of SE Chongqing[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2018,38(12):15-25.
[5] 李海, 刘安, 罗胜元, 等. 鄂西宜昌地区寒武系页岩孔隙结构特征及发育主控因素[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2018,25(6):20-27.
[5] Li Hai, Liu An, Luo Shengyuan, et al. Pore structure characteristics and development control factorsof Cambrian shale in the Yichangarea, western Hubei[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2018,25(6):20-27.
[6] 何陈诚, 何生, 郭旭升, 等. 焦石坝区块五峰组与龙马溪组一段页岩有机孔隙结构差异性[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2018,39(3):472-484.
[6] He Chencheng, He Sheng, Guo Xusheng, et al. Structural differences in organic pores between shales of the Wufeng Formation and of the Longmaxi Formation’s first Member, JiaoshibaBlock, Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2018,39(3):472-484.
[7] 李旭, 徐蒙, 蔡进功, 等. 东营凹陷泥页岩孔隙结构特征及其演化规律[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2019,26(1):88-100.
[7] Li Xu, Xu Meng, Cai Jingong, et al. Structure characteristics and evolution characteristics of pores in mud shale in DongyingSag[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2019,26(1):88-100.
[8] 焦堃, 谢国梁, 裴文明, 等. 四川盆地下古生界黑色页岩纳米孔隙形态的影响因素及其地质意义[J]. 高校地质学报, 2019,25(6):847-859.
[8] Jiao Kun, Xie Guoliang, Pei Wenming, et al. The control factors and geological implications of the nanopore morphology of the lower Paleozoic black shales in the Sichuan Basin[J]. China Geological Journal of China Universities, 2019,25(6):847-859.
[9] 宋董军, 妥进才, 王晔桐, 等. 富有机质泥页岩纳米级孔隙结构特征研究进展[J]. 沉积学报, 2019,37(6):1309-1324.
[9] Song Dongjun, Tuo Jincai, Wang Yetong, et al. Research advances on characteristics of nanopore structure of organic-rich shales[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2019,37(6):1309-1324.
[10] 刘伟新, 卢龙飞, 魏志红, 等. 川东南地区不同埋深五峰组—龙马溪组页岩储层微观结构特征与对比[J]. 石油实验地质, 2020,42(3):378-386.
[10] Liu Weixin, Lu Longfei, Wei Zhihong, et al. Microstructure characteristics of Wufeng-Longmaxishale gas reservoirs with different depth, southeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2020,42(3):378-386.
[11] 潘仁芳, 李笑天, 金吉能, 等. 渝东南盆缘转换带常压页岩气储层非均质性特征及主控因素[J]. 天然气工业, 2018,38(12):26-36.
[11] Pan Renfang, Li Xiaotian, Jin Jineng, et al. Heterogeneity characteristics and controlling factors of normal-pressure shale gas reservoirs in the basin-margin transition zone of SE Chongqing[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2018,38(12):26-36.
[12] 张闯辉, 朱炎铭, 刘宇, 等. 不同成熟度页岩孔隙及其分形特征[J]. 断块油气田, 2016,23(5):583-588.
[12] Zhang Chuanghui, Zhu Yanming, Liu Yu, et al. Pore and fractal characteristics of shale in different maturity[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2016,23(5):583-588.
[13] 陈居凯, 朱炎铭, 崔兆帮, 等. 川南龙马溪页岩孔隙结构综合表征及其分形特征[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2018,30(1):55-62.
[13] Zhu Yanming, Cui Zhaobang, Zhang Chuanhui, et al. Pore structure and fractal characteristics of Longmaxi shale in southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2018,30(1):55-62.
[14] 王濡岳, 尹帅, 龚大建, 等. 下寒武统页岩孔隙结构与分形特征[J]. 断块油气田, 2018,25(5):589-592.
[14] Wang Yunyue, Yin Shuai, Gong Dajian, et al. Pore structure and fractal characteristics of Lower Cambrian shales[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2018,25(5):589-592.
[15] 张琴, 梁峰, 梁萍萍, 等. 页岩分形特征及主控因素研究—以威远页岩气田龙马溪组页岩为例[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2020,49(1):110-122.
[15] Zhang Qin, Liang Feng, Liang Pingping, et al. Investigation of fractal characteristic and its main controlling factors of shale reservoir: A case study of the Longmaxi shale in Weiyuan shale gas field[J]. Journal of China University of Minging& Technology, 2020,49(1):110-122.
[16] 姜振学, 唐相路, 李卓, 等. 渝东南地区龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构全孔径表征及其对含气性的控制[J]. 地学前缘, 2016,23(2):126-134.
[16] Jiang Zhenxue, Tang Xianglu, Li Zhuo, et al. The whole-aperture pore structure characteristics and its effect on gas content of the Longmaxi Formation shale in the southeastern Sichuan basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2016,23(2):126-134.
[17] 张海杰, 蒋裕强, 周克明, 等. 页岩气储层孔隙连通性及其对页岩气开发的启示——以四川盆地南部下志留统龙马溪组为例[J]. 天然气工业, 2019,39(12):22-31.
[17] Zhang Haijie, Jiang Yuqiang, Zhou Keming, et al. Connectivity of pores in shale reservoirs and its implications for the development of shale gas: A case study of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2019,39(12):22-31.
[18] 杨超, 熊永强, 张金川. 中国不同沉积类型页岩生烃有机孔发育差异[J]. 地球化学, 2019,48(6):544-554.
[18] Yang Chao, Xiong Yongqiang, Zhang Jinchuan. Developmental differences of secondary organic pores among marine, lacustrine, and transitional shale in China[J]. Geochimica, 2019,48(6):544-554.
[19] 何建华, 丁文龙, 王哲, 等. 页岩储层体积压裂缝网形成的主控因素及评价方法[J]. 地质科技情报, 2015,34(4):108-118.
[19] He Jianhua, Ding Wenlong, Wang zhe, et al. Main controlling factors of fracture network formation of volume fracturing in shale reservoirs and its evaluation method[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2015,34(4):108-118.
[20] 张新华. 涪陵海相页岩生物成因硅特征及确定方法[J]. 江汉石油职工大学学报, 2019,32(1):17-20.
[20] Zhang Xinhua. Characteristics and determination method of Fuling marine shale biogenic silicon[J]. Journal of Jianghan Petroleum University of Staff and Workers, 2019,32(1):17-20.
[21] 汪虎, 何治亮, 张永贵, 等. 四川盆地海相页岩储层微裂缝类型及其对储层物性影响[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019,40(1):41-49.
[21] Wang Hu, He Zhiliang, Zhang Yonggui, et al. Microfracture types of marine shale reservoir of Sichuan Basin and its influence on reservoir property[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019,40(1):41-49.
[22] 何希鹏, 何贵松, 高玉巧, 等. 渝东南盆缘转换带常压页岩气地质特征及富集高产规律[J]. 天然气工业, 2018,38(12):1-14.
[22] He Xipeng, He Guisong, Gao Yuqiao, et al. Geological characteristics and enrichment laws of normal-pressure shale gas in the basin-margin transition zone of SE Chongqing[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2018,38(12):1-14.
文章导航

/