为研究CO₂地质封存条件下碳酸盐岩储层的物化反应规律，以四川盆地震旦系灯影组碳酸盐岩储层为研究对象，开展储层条件下的碳酸盐岩与超临界CO₂反应室内模拟实验。采用压力脉冲衰减法、扫描电镜法和核磁共振法分析了碳酸盐岩孔隙度、渗透率、孔隙结构对超临界CO₂环境的响应特征，实验后碳酸盐岩孔隙度、渗透率增大，孔隙度变化率最大为32.35 %，渗透率扩大11倍，而且实验后产生了微裂缝，20~50 μm的孔径占比增大；采用X射线衍射法、接触角法分析碳酸盐岩的矿物组分和润湿性，主要矿物石英平均含量增加了12.6 %，方解石平均含量减少了22.3 %，亲水性增强；采用巴西劈裂法测试超临界CO₂浸没前后碳酸盐岩的岩石力学特性，发现其抗拉强度下降了18.28 %，造成了碳酸盐岩损伤，载荷-位移曲线经历更长的压实阶段。该文揭示了超临界CO₂溶蚀作用对碳酸盐岩孔隙度、渗透率、矿物组分、岩石力学性质的影响，为CO₂在碳酸盐岩储层中的地质封存提供理论支持。

In order to study the physicochemical reaction law of carbonate rock reservoirs under the condition of CO₂ geological storage, lab experiments on the reaction of carbonate rocks and supercritical CO₂ under reservoir conditions were carried out with the carbonate reservoir of the Sinian Dengying Formation reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin as the research object. The response characteristics of carbonate porosity, permeability, and pore structure to supercritical CO₂ environment were investigated by the pressure pulse attenuation method, scanning electron microscopy method, and nuclear magnetic resonance method. The test resulted in an increase both in the porosity and permeability of the carbonate rock. The maximum porosity change rate is 32.35 % and the permeability increases by eleven times. Additionally, micro-fractures appear after the test, and the proportion of the micro-fractures with the aperture of 20~50 μm increases. By using X-ray diffraction and contact angle techniques, the mineral makeup and wetability of carbonate rocks were examined. The average content of main minerals quartz increased by 12.6 %, the average content of calcite decreased by 22.3 %, and the hydrophilicity increased. Brazilian splitting technique was used to examine the mechanical characteristics of carbonate rocks both before and after supercritical CO₂ immersion. The tensile strength of carbonate rocks was discovered to have fallen by 18.28 %, causing damage to the rocks, and the compaction stage of the load-displacement curve was longer. This work examines the effects of supercritical CO₂ dissolution on the porosity, permeability, mineral composition, and rock mechanical characteristics of carbonate rocks, and provides theoretical evidence for the geological storage of CO₂ in carbonate reservoirs.