沁水盆地作为中国高阶煤煤层气主要生产基地，储层具有成煤及成藏条件多样、构造复杂、渗透率低、储层非均质性强和改造难度大等特点，早期开发存在资源有效动用率低、单井产气量低、开发利润低等问题。通过分析高阶煤储层的特点和煤层气开发的规律，认为制约高阶煤煤层气高效开发的关键问题主要有3个：①高效开发建产选区精准性差；②开发技术适应性差；③改造工艺与煤储层的匹配性差。通过研究微构造、煤体结构、地应力和裂缝等影响高阶煤煤层气开发的关键因素，评价不同地质因素对产量的影响程度，进行多维度精细开发单元划分，明确不同单元地质特征，建立了“五元”可采性高效建产区评价指标体系，确立了高阶煤煤层气高效建产区优选方法。分析认为：由于高阶煤渗透率低、非均质性强，水平井能够连通更多煤层裂缝，扩大排采降压泄气面积，降低气、水流动阻力，具有单井产量高、经济效益好等优势，针对不同地质分区和开发程度，按照“控制储量最大化、采气速度最大化、经济效益最优化”的原则，形成了高阶煤煤层气水平井优化布井技术。在此基础上，以“启动缝网、压开新缝、控制储量”为目标，形成了聚能定向射孔、阶梯提排量逐级造缝、粉细砂组合和井间干扰同步为主的关键技术，同时配套完善了以活性水为主体的桥塞射孔联作、井组同步干扰作业的工艺技术，建立了气体易产出的线性缝网体系，实现了高效改造。研究成果应用在沁水盆地，实现了高阶煤煤层气的高效开发，水平井单井日产气量提高一倍，单井最终可采储量提升50%，新建区块产能到位率达到90%，将其推广到中国其他高阶煤煤层气区块，为煤层气产业做大做强提供了技术支撑和可供借鉴的示范。

The Qinshui Basin is the main production base of high-rank coalbed methane in China. High-rank coal reservoirs in this region exhibit diverse conditions for coal formation and reservoir development, complex geological structures, low permeability, pronounced reservoir heterogeneity, and significant challenges in reservoir stimulation, which led to early issues such as a low effective resource utilization rate, low gas production per well, and low development profits. By analyzing the characteristics of high-rank coal reservoirs and the development patterns of coalbed methane, this study identifies three key constraints to the efficient development of high-rank coalbed methane: (1) poor precision in selecting areas for efficient development; (2) limited adaptability of development technologies; (3) a mismatch between stimulation processes and coal reservoirs. Investigations into microstructures, coal body structures, in-situ stresses, and fractures—combined with an evaluation of various geological factors’ impact on production—enabled a multidimensional division of development units to identify the geological features of each unit. Consequently, a “five-element” evaluation index system for production potential in efficient development areas was established, and an optimization method for selecting efficient development areas for high-rank coalbed methane was formulated. Analysis suggests that due to the low permeability and strong heterogeneity of high-rank coal, horizontal wells can connect more coal seam fractures, thereby expanding the drainage and pressure-relief areas and reducing the flow resistance of gas and water. This possesses advantages such as high per-well gas production and improved economic benefits. For different geological zones and development stages, in accordance with the principle of “maximizing controlled reserves, maximizing gas production rate, and optimizing economic benefits”, an optimized horizontal well layout technology for high-rank coalbed methane was developed. On this basis, with the objective of “initiating a fracture network, creating new fractures, and controlling reserves”, key technologies were devised—primarily including energy-focused directional perforation, stepwise hydraulic fracturing for incremental production enhancement, a combined application of fine-powder sand, and synchronous well-group interference. At the same time, the process technologies of bridge-plug-and-perforation using active water as the main body and well-group synchronous interference operations were refined, leading to the establishment of a linear fracture network system conducive to gas production, achieving efficient hydraulic fracturing. The application of these research outcomes in the Qinshui Basin has enabled the efficient development of high-rank coal, with daily gas production per horizontal well doubling, the ultimate recoverable reserve per well increasing by 50%, and the productivity attainment rate of newly-built blocks surpassing 90%. When extended to other high-rank coalbed methane blocks in China, these advantages provide technical support and a demonstrative model for strengthening the coalbed methane industry.