油气藏评价与开发 ›› 2022, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (1): 10-28.doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2022.01.002
刘树根1,2(),冉波1,叶玥豪1,王世玉3,杨迪1,罗超4,韩雨樾1,宋金民1,张旋4
收稿日期:
2021-10-09
出版日期:
2022-02-26
发布日期:
2022-03-24
作者简介:
刘树根(1964—),男,研究生,教授,本刊第二届编委会委员,从事石油地质学与构造地质学的教学与科研工作。地址:四川省成都市成华区二仙桥东三段1号,邮政编码:610059。E-mail: 基金资助:
LIU Shugen1,2(),RAN Bo1,YE Yuehao1,WANG Shiyu3,YANG Di1,LUO Chao4,HAN Yuyue1,SONG Jinmin1,ZHANG Xuan4
Received:
2021-10-09
Online:
2022-02-26
Published:
2022-03-24
摘要:
对贵州习水骑龙村奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组剖面实测,通过古生物对比、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜和氮气吸附等方法对五峰组—龙马溪组开展了系统性的研究,其主要认识有:①骑龙村五峰组—龙马溪组剖面出露完整,与上覆志留系石牛栏组和下伏奥陶系涧草沟组均为整合接触,发育12个笔石带,无地层缺失;②骑龙村五峰组—龙马溪组剖面黑色页岩主要发育6种页岩岩相;③骑龙村五峰组—龙马溪组剖面页岩中的石英含量从底到顶逐渐减少,而黏土矿物却逐渐增加,因此脆性矿物的含量从底到顶逐渐减少,页岩易压裂性降低;④骑龙村剖面五峰组—龙马溪组有机质类型主要为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ1型,高总有机碳含量(TOC)优质页岩主要分布在五峰组和龙马溪组下段;⑤骑龙村剖面五峰组—龙马溪组古生产力相对较低,优质黑色页岩沉积环境为缺氧—贫氧条件,其有机质含量高得益于高有机质埋藏效率;⑥骑龙村剖面五峰组—龙马溪组有机质孔主要分布在龙马溪组下段和五峰组,龙马溪组上段与观音桥段有机质孔不发育,纵向上表现为小孔径孔隙占比随地层向上递减,大孔径孔隙占比随地层向上递增;⑦骑龙村剖面五峰组—龙马溪组天然气吸附量最小为1.62 m3/t,最大为2.8 m3/t,平均值为2.13 m3/t,表现为TOC值越大,相应的吸附能力也越强,反映出有机质含量对富有机质页岩的含气能力起决定性的作用。
中图分类号:
刘树根, 冉波, 叶玥豪, 王世玉, 杨迪, 罗超, 韩雨樾, 宋金民, 张旋. 贵州习水骑龙村奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组剖面[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2022, 12(1): 10-28.
LIU Shugen, RAN Bo, YE Yuehao, WANG Shiyu, YANG Di, LUO Chao, HAN Yuyue, SONG Jinmin, ZHANG Xuan. Outcrop of Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Qilong Village, Xishui, Guizhou[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2022, 12(1): 10-28.
图4
习水骑龙村剖面上奥陶统—下志留统镜下典型沉积构造 注:a、b.龙马溪组上段(第18层)不平行纹层页岩(NLM)及不明显纹层粉砂岩(ILS);c.龙马溪组上段(第16层)不平行纹层页岩(NLM),平行纹层页岩(PLM)及小规模透镜状纹层页岩(LEM);d.龙马溪组上段(第14层)内部发育的平行纹层页岩(PLM);e.龙马溪组上段(第14层)内部发育的平行纹层页岩(PLM),粒序层理页岩(GRM)以及不明显纹层页岩(ILM);f.龙马溪组上段(第14层)内部发育的平行纹层页岩(PLM),及小规模透镜状纹层页岩(LEM);g.龙马溪组下段(第7层)不明显纹层页岩(ILM)及平行纹层页岩(PLM);h.五峰组内部发育的生物潜穴。"
图5
习水骑龙村剖面上奥陶统—下志留统纹层类型特征 注:a.五峰组(第2层)发育的生物潜穴及小规模透镜状纹层页岩(LEM);b.五峰组(第3层)不明显纹层页岩(ILM);c.观音桥段生物碎屑及不明显纹层粉砂岩(ILS);d.龙马溪组下段(第6层)不明显纹层页岩(ILM);e、f.龙马溪组下段(第10,11层)不明显纹层页岩(ILM)及平行纹层页岩(PLM);g.龙马溪组上段(第12层)不平行纹层页岩(NLM)及少量粒序层理页岩(GRM);h.龙马溪组上段(第14层)不平行纹层页岩(NLM)及小规模透镜状纹层页岩(LEM);i.龙马溪组上段(第14层)不平行纹层页岩(NLM);j.龙马溪组上段(第15层)不平行纹层页岩(NLM)及平行纹层页岩(PLM);k、l.龙马溪组上段(第15层)不平行纹层页岩(NLM);m.龙马溪组上段(第16层)粒序层理页岩(GRM);n、o.龙马溪组上段(第17层)不平行纹层页岩(NLM);p.龙马溪组上段(第18层)不明显纹层粉砂岩(ILS)。"
表1
缺氧环境的基本特征及综合判识[23,24]"
判别 指标 | 水体溶氧量(mL/L) | 标型 矿物 | 黄铁矿矿化度(DOP) | 还原态/ 氧化态 | 微量元素 含量 | V/(V+Ni) | V/Cr | Ni/Co | U/Th | Au (mg/L) | 铀 异常 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
氧亏损环境 | 缺氧 | 0.2 | 原生金属 硫化物 | 0.4~0.7(无H2S);大于0.7(含H2S) | Fe2+/Fe3+>1 | 过渡金属、有机硫含量高 | >0.85 | >4.25 | >7.0 | >1.25 | >12.0 | >1 |
贫氧 | 0.2~2.0 | 0.85~0.60 | 2.0~4.25 | 5.0~7.0 | 0.75~1.25 | 5.0~12.0 | >1 | |||||
富氧环境 | >2.0 | 褐铁矿、 Mo氧化物 | <0.4 | Fe2+/Fe3+<1 | 过渡金属 含量低 | <0.60 | <2.0 | <5.0 | <0.75 | <5.0 | <1 |
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