成膜封堵技术室内实验研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

钻井过程中,当钻遇复杂段地层时,由于钻井液的渗漏,容易引发井壁失稳。针对这种情况提出了钻井液成膜封堵思路,室内采用扫描电镜分析了成膜钻井液泥饼的微观结构,通过透水实验评价了封堵膜的抗水化性能,利用改进的砂床实验模拟了成膜钻井液对不同渗透性地层的封堵情况,使用自主设计的未固结砂岩心流动实验对形成封堵膜的正向承压能力和返排效果进行了研究。实验结果表明：成膜钻井液抗温能力可达150 ℃,API滤失形成的泥饼更加致密;相同时间段内,泥饼透水量基本保持不变,封堵膜具有一定的抗水化性能;当成膜封堵剂加量为2 % ~ 3 %时,不同目数的砂床被完全封堵,钻井液无滤失,封堵膜形成后正向承压值较高,可以达到16 MPa,反向驱动时,突破压力为0.5 ~ 1 MPa,返排效果好。

关键词: 渗漏, 成膜封堵, 封堵膜, 抗水化, 滤失

Abstract:

During the drilling process in complex sections of the formation, due to the leakage of the drilling fluid, the borehole instability occurs easily. In view of this situation, we put forward the film formation and plugging project of the drilling fluid. In the indoor experiment, the microstructure of the mud cake was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The hydration resistance of the plugging film was evaluated by the water permeation tests. The improved sand bed experiment had simulated the plugging performance of the drilling fluid on the formations with different permeability. Then, we analysed the positive pressure capacity and flowback effect of the plugging film by the self-designed unconsolidated sand core flow experiments. The experimental results showed that the film-formation drilling fluid was resistant to the highest temperature of 150 ℃, and the mud cake formed by API leak-off was denser. In the same period, the water permeability of the mud cake remained unchanged and the plugging film had certain hydration resistance. When the dosage was between 2 % ~ 3 %, the sand beds with different mesh were totally blocked, without the leak-off of the drilling fluid, and the positive pressure value was high after the plugging film formed, which could reach 16 MPa. In the reverse driving, the breakthrough pressure was between 0.5 ~ 1 MPa with good flowback effect.

Key words: leakage, film formation and plugging, plugging film, hydration resistance, leak-off

中图分类号:

TE254

吴若宁,熊汉桥,苏晓明,朱杰,孙运昌,王启任. 成膜封堵技术室内实验研究[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2018, 8(6): 57-61.

Wu Ruoning,Xiong Hanqiao,Su Xiaoming,Zhu Jie,Sun Yunchang,Wang Qiren. Research on indoor experiment of film formation and plugging technology[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2018, 8(6): 57-61.

图/表 11

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

表2

表3

图5

表4

表5

表6

参考文献 12

[1]	于雷, 张敬辉, 刘宝锋 , 等. 微裂缝发育泥页岩地层井壁稳定技术研究与应用[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2017,45(3):27-31.
[2]	Labenski F, Reid P, Santos H . Drilling fluid approaches for control of wellbore instability in fractured formations[C]// paper SPE-85304-MS presented at the SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition, 20-22 October 2003, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
[3]	夏鹏, 蔡记华, 范志军 , 等. 纳米二氧化硅对盐水钻井液性能的影响[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2015,32(3):9-12. doi: 10.3696/j.issn.1001-5620.2015.03.003
[4]	袁野, 蔡记华, 王济君 , 等. 纳米二氧化硅改善钻井液滤失性能的实验研究[J]. 石油钻采工艺, 2013,35(3):30-33.
[5]	徐琳, 邓明毅, 郭拥军 , 等. 纳米封堵剂在钻井液中的应用进展研究[J]. 应用化工, 2016,45(4):742-746.
[6]	侯垃, 黄达全, 杨贺卫 , 等. 刚性楔入承压封堵技术[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2015,32(1):49-52.
[7]	郑力会, 张明伟 . 封堵技术基础理论回顾与展望[J]. 石油钻采工艺, 2012,34(5):1-9.
[8]	王伟吉, 邱正松, 暴丹 , 等. 温压成膜封堵技术研究及应用[J]. 特种油气藏, 2015,22(1):144-147.
[9]	孙金声, 张洁, 杨枝 , 等. “双膜”协同封堵保护储层理论与技术研究[C]// 中国石油学会石油工程专业委员会钻井工作部2009年钻井技术研讨会暨第九届石油钻井院所长会议,成都:中国石油学会, 2009.
[10]	Bai X, Pu X . Evolution of membrane forming technology of waterbased mud[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2016,26(8):75-77.
[11]	苗海龙, 李国钊, 王昌军 . GID钻井液在渤中油田的研究和应用[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2009,26(2):90-92. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5620.2009.02.029
[12]	刘霞, 罗春芝, 王越之 . 国内外无渗透钻井液的研究与应用[J]. 断块油气田, 2006,13(3):64-66. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-8907.2006.03.021

实验配方	表观黏度/ （mPa·s）	塑性黏度/ （mPa·s）	动切力/ Pa	初切力/ Pa	终切力/ Pa	动塑比
0#	45	35	9.7	1.02	1.53	0.28
1#	46	37	9.2	1.53	2.04	0.25
2#	48	38	10.2	1.53	2.04	0.27
3#	49	38	11.2	2.04	2.56	0.29

砂床组成/目	实验配方	压力/MPa	时间/min	渗滤深度/mm	滤失量/mL	加清水后滤失量/mL
20~40	0#	1.2	30	350	全滤失	水滤失
40~60	0#	1.2	30	350	全滤失	水滤失
60~80	0#	1.2	30	350	全滤失	水滤失
80~100	0#	1.2	30	240	68	水滤失

砂床组成/目	实验配方	压力/MPa	时间/min	渗滤度/mm	加清水后滤失量/mL
20~40	1#	1.2	30	78	无滤失
40~60	1#	1.2	30	52	无滤失
60~80	1#	1.2	30	25	无滤失
80~100	1#	1.2	30	14	无滤失
20~40	2#	1.2	30	18	无滤失
40~60	2#	1.2	30	15	无滤失
60~80	2#	1.2	30	12	无滤失
80~100	2#	1.2	30	8	无滤失
20~40	3#	1.2	30	17	无滤失
40~60	3#	1.2	30	14	无滤失
60~80	3#	1.2	30	8	无滤失
80~100	3#	1.2	30	7	无滤失

岩心号	砂床组成/ 目	实验配方	不同压力下30 min的滤失量/mL
岩心号	砂床组成/ 目	实验配方	2 MPa	5 MPa	7 MPa	9 MPa	11 MPa	14 MPa	16 MPa
1-1	80~100	0	线流
2-1	20~40	3#	0.8	0	0	0	0
2-2	40~60	3#	0.5	0	0	0	0
2-3	60~80	3#	0	0	0	0	0
2-4	80~100	3#	0	0	0	0	0
3-1	20~40	2#	1.0	0	0	0	0	0	0
3-2	40~60	2#	0.8	0	0	0	0	0	0
3-3	60~80	2#	0.5	0	0	0	0	0	0
3-4	80~100	2#	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

岩心号	砂床组成/目	实验配方	暂堵时间/min	暂堵压力/MPa	11 MPa压力下滤膜深度/mm
2-1	20~40	2#	30	2.0	2.5
2-2	40~60	2#	30	2.0	1.5
2-3	60~80	2#	30	2.0	0.5
2-4	80~100	2#	30	2.0	0.5