中深层砂岩回灌井成井工艺优化及效果分析——以天津市明化镇组为例

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2023.06.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

天津市沧县隆起内的明化镇组砂岩储层具有泥质含量高、成岩性差、胶结疏松、易出砂的特点，回灌困难的情况普遍存在，制约了地热资源的可持续开发。现有滤水管填砾成井工艺利于保持地层的稳定性和过水效果，但其回灌效果有待提升。从钻井口径、钻井液、钻具组合和洗井等方面对现有滤水管填砾成井工艺进行了优化，优化后的大口径填砾成井工艺，在保证原有的挡砂和支撑效果的同时，扩大了成井口径，增加了地热井取水段的过流面积，通过优化钻井液配方和钻具组合，减少了钻井液对储层的污染，钻井施工后的联合洗井将部分堵塞成分带出地层，起到了疏通地层的作用，减小了对渗流通道的堵塞。应用该工艺施工的2眼明化镇组热储回灌井分别进行了3组回灌试验，试验中最大回灌量分别为32.0 m³/h和58.0 m³/h。与周边同层明化镇组回灌井相比，回灌量分别增加了3.48倍和2.00倍以上，证明优化后的大口径滤水管填砾成井工艺有效提升了明化镇组储层的回灌效果。

关键词: 明化镇组, 砂岩储层, 地热回灌, 大口径填砾, 成井工艺

Abstract:

The Minghuazhen Formation in the Cangxian Uplift of Tianjin presents a unique challenge for geothermal resource development due to its sandstone reservoirs. These reservoirs are characterized by high shale content, suboptimal lithology, loosely cemented structures, and a tendency for sand flow, all of which complicate the process of reinjecting water back into the reservoir. This difficulty in reinjection poses a significant obstacle to the sustainable development of geothermal resources in the area. The existing well completion technology, which involves filter pipe gravel filling, is beneficial in maintaining the stability of the formation and facilitating water flow. However, improvements are needed in several aspects, including drilling diameter, drilling fluid composition, drilling assembly, and well washing processes, to enhance the effectiveness of reinjection. An optimized large-diameter gravel filling well completion technology has been developed to address these issues. This technology not only preserves the original sand retention and support functions but also increases the well completion diameter, thereby enlarging the flow area of the geothermal wells. Further, by optimizing the drilling fluid formula and drilling assembly, the contamination of the reservoir is minimized. Additionally, a combined well washing technique implemented after drilling operations helps remove plugging components from the formation, aiding in unclogging the permeation channels. Three groups of reinjection tests were carried out on two reinjection wells in Minghuazhen Formation, which were constructed by the new well completion technology. The maximum reinjection rates in the tests were 32.0 m³/h and 58.0 m³/h. Compared with the reinjection wells in the same layer, the reinjection volume increased by 3.48 times and more than 2.00 times respectively, which proved that the optimized gravel filling well completion technology of large-diameter filter pipe improved the reinjection effect effectively.

Key words: Minghuazhen Formation, sandstone reservoir, geothermal reinjection, large diameter gravel, well completion technology

中图分类号:

TE24

赵艳婷,沈健,赵苏民,闻爽,张森. 中深层砂岩回灌井成井工艺优化及效果分析——以天津市明化镇组为例[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2023, 13(6): 765-772.

ZHAO Yanting,SHEN Jian,ZHAO Sumin,WEN Shuang,ZHANG Sen. Well completion technology optimization and application effect analysis of medium-deep sandstone reinjection wells: A case study of Minghuazhen Formation in Tianjin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2023, 13(6): 765-772.

图/表 10

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表1

图7

图8

表2

参考文献 21

[1]	王贵玲, 刘彦广, 朱喜, 等. 中国地热资源现状及发展趋势[J]. 地学前缘, 2020, 27(1): 1-9. doi: 10.13745/j.esf.2020.1.1
	WANG Guiling, LIU Yanguang, ZHU Xi, et al. The status and development trend of geothermal resources in China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27(1): 1-9. doi: 10.13745/j.esf.2020.1.1
[2]	赵斌, 吕玥, 温柔, 等. 西藏地热能开发利用现状及发展前景[J]. 热力发电, 2023, 52(1): 1-6.
	ZHAO Bin, LYU Yue, WEN Rou, et al. Utilization situation and development prospect of geothermal energy in Tibet[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023, 52(1): 1-6.
[3]	李惠莉, 康晶, 佟娟, 等. 地热尾水回灌堵塞机制研究进展[C]// 中国环境科学学会2021年科学技术年会——环境工程技术创新与应用分会场论文集(三). 北京:《环境工程》编辑部, 2021: 789-797. LIHuili, KANGJin, TONGJuan, et al. State of art on clogging mechanism of geothermal tail-water reinjection[C]// 2021 Annual Conference of Science and Technology of Chinese Society of Environmental Sciences—Environmental Engineering Technology Innovation and Application Sub-conference(III). Beijing: Environmental Engineering' Editorial Department, 2021: 789-797.
[4]	王光辉, 赵娜, 唐永香, 等. 孔隙型地热资源回灌模式研究——以天津市滨海新区为例[J]. 地质调查与研究, 2014, 37(2): 155-160.
	WANG Guanghui, ZHAO Na, TANG Yongxiang, et al. Research on geothermal reinjection mode of Neogene in the Binhai New Area, Tianjin[J]. Geological Survey and Research, 2014, 37(2): 155-160.
[5]	周鑫. 沉积盆地孔隙型地下热水回灌堵塞机理研究—以西安三桥地热尾水回灌井为例[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2013.
	ZHOU Xin. Reinjection Plugging mechanism researching of sedimentary basin type porous geothermal water: As the reinjection well in Sanqiao of Xi'an for an example[D]. Xi’an: Chang'an University, 2013.
[6]	刘雪玲, 朱家玲. 新近系砂岩地热回灌堵塞问题的探讨[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2009, 36(5): 138 -141.
	LIU Xueling, Zhu Jialing. A study of clogging in geothermal reinjection wells in the Neogene sandstone aquifer[J]. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 2009, 36(5): 138-141.
[7]	林黎, 王连成, 赵苏民, 等. 天津地区孔隙型热储层地热流体回灌影响因素探讨[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2008, 35(6): 125-128.
	LIN Li, WANG Liancheng, ZHAO Sumin, et al. A discussion of the factors affecting geothermal recirculation in the geothermal reservoirs of porous type in Tianjin[J]. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 2008, 35(6): 125-128.
[8]	高宝珠, 曾梅香. 地热对井系统中回灌井堵塞原因浅析及预防措施[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2007, 34(2): 75-80.
	GAO Baozhu, ZENG Meixiang. Causes and prevention measures of the clogging in the geothermal reinjection well of a geothermal double-well system[J]. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 2007, 34(2): 75-80.
[9]	马忠平, 王艳宏, 沈健, 等. 天津馆陶组地热回灌井钻井和射孔工艺探讨[J]. 探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程). 2014, 41(8): 36-39.
	MA Zhongping, WANG Yanhong, SHEN Jian, et al. Discussion on drilling and perforating technologies for geothermal recirculation well in Guantao formation of Tianjin[J]. Exploration Engineering(Rock ＆ soil Drilling and Tunneling). 2014, 41(8): 36-39.
[10]	王连成, 林黎, 沈健, 等. 天津市滨海新区馆陶组热储回灌技术集成与示范研究报告(2011)[R]. 天津: 天津地热勘查开发设计院, 2011.
	WANG Liancheng, LIN Li, SHEN Jian, et al. Tianjin Binhai New Area Guantao Formation thermal reservoir recharge technology integration and demonstration research report(2011)[R]. Tianjin: Tianjin Geothermal Exploration and Development Design Institute, 2011.
[11]	赵苏民. 沉积盆地型地热田勘查开发与利用[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2013.
	ZHAO Sumin. Development and utilization of geothermal field in sedimentary basin[M]. Beijing: Geology Press, 2013.
[12]	阮传侠, 冯树友, 沈健, 等. 天津滨海新区地热资源循环利用研究——馆陶组热储回灌技术研究与示范[J]. 地质力学学报, 2017, 23(3): 498-506.
	RUAN Chuanxia, FENG Shuyou, SHEN Jian, et al. A study on the recycling utilization of geothermal resources in Binhai New Area: A case study of Tianjin demonstration of thermal storage and reinjection technology of Guantao reservoir[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2017, 23(3): 498-506.
[13]	林建旺, 赵苏民. 天津地区馆陶组热储回灌量衰减原因探讨[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2010, 37(5): 133-136. doi: 10.52321/igh
	LIN Jianwang, ZHAO Sumin. An analysis of the reinjection attenuation of the Guantao Group geothermal reservoir in the Tianjin Area[J]. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 2010, 37(5): 133-136. doi: 10.52321/igh
[14]	高新智. 天津市孔隙型砂岩热储回灌能力评价模型研究[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学, 2018.
	GAO Xinzhi. The Model of thermal storage recharge capacity for sandstone pore in Tianjin[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences, 2018.
[15]	王光辉, 赵娜, 赵苏民, 等. 天津地区新近系地热回灌井不同完井工艺应用效果对比[J]. 地质找矿论丛, 2013, 28(3): 481-485.
	WANG Guanghui, ZHAO Na. ZHAO Sumin, et al. Reinjection effect study of different geothermal well completion in Neogene System[J]. Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research, 2013, 28(3): 481-485.
[16]	阮传侠. 天津地区雾迷山组热储地热回灌研究[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学, 2018.
	RUAN Chuanxia. A study of reinjection of geothermal resources in the geothermal reservoir of the Wumishan Group in Tianjin[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences, 2018.
[17]	陈明涛. 天津潘庄凸起构造区砂岩型热储层水—热—力学耦合数值模拟研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2020.
	CHEN Mingtao. Study on hydro-thermo-mechanical coupling numerical simulation of sandstone thermal reservoir in Panzhuang Uplift Area, Tianjin City[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2020.
[18]	贾志, 张芬娜, 杨忠彦, 等. 射孔技术在孔隙型地热回灌井中的应用[J]. 地下水, 2015, 37(2): 106-109.
	JIA Zhi, ZHANG Fenna, YANG Zhongyan, et al. Application of perforation technology in the porous geothermal reinjection well[J]. Ground Water, 2015, 37(2): 106-109.
[19]	曾梅香, 李会娟, 石建军, 等. 新近系热储层回灌井钻探工艺探索[J]. 地质与勘探, 2007, 43(2): 88-92.
	ZENG Meixiang, LI Huijuan, SHI Jianjun, et al. The study on drilling technique of tertiary reservoir reinjection well[J]. Geology and Prospecting, 2007, 43(2): 88-92.
[20]	江国胜, 王光辉, 赵娜, 等. 滨海新区西部馆陶组回灌井填砾成井工艺的应用分析[J]. 地质调查与研究, 2014, 37(2): 149-154.
	JIANG Guosheng, WANG Guanghui, ZHAO Na, et al. Application of gravel-packed completion technology of Guantao geothermal reinjection well in the Western Binhai New Area[J]. Geological Survey and Research, 2014, 37(2): 149-154.
[21]	高新智. 天津市孔隙型砂岩热储垂直向对比回灌参数研究(2018)[R]. 天津: 天津地热勘查开发设计院, 2018.
	GAO Xinzhi. Study on vertical comparative recharge parameters of porous sandstone thermal storage in Tianjin(2018)[R]. Tianjin: Tianjin Geothermal Exploration and Development Design Institute, 2018.

参数	实际最大回灌量/ （m³/h）	校正水位埋深/m	计算最大回灌量/ （m³/h）	滤水段对应井径/m	取水段有效厚度/m	注水面积/ m²	实际单位注水面积回灌量/[m³/（h?m²）]	计算单位注水面积回灌量/ [m³/（h?m²）]
NM-01	9.2	20.21	10.2	0.200	53.54	67.28	0.14	0.15
NM-01B	32.0	21.06	42.9	0.295	81.56	151.17	0.21	0.28
倍数关系（NM-01B/NM-01）	3.48	1.04	4.21	1.48	1.52	2.25	1.50	1.87

参数	实际最大回灌量/ （m³/h）	滤水段对应井径/ m	取水段有效厚度/ m	注水面积/ m²
NM-02	<30	0.275	67.00	115.77
NM-02B	58	0.222	65.74	91.70
倍数关系（NM-02B/NM-10B）	>1.93	0.81	0.98	0.79