地热数值模拟与油藏数值模拟方法对比分析

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024.06.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地热能和石油均是重要的地下能源。地热数值模拟和油藏数值模拟是评估、优化地热能和石油开发利用过程中的关键技术，在能源领域具有重要指导意义。通过对比地热数值模拟和油藏数值模拟数学模型的基础架构、数值解法、案例分析，揭示了数值模拟方法在开发2种能源过程中的相似点和差异性。在模拟方法方面，地热数值模拟侧重于热传导和地温场变化特征，而油藏数值模拟则更加关注流体动力学和原油开采过程；在模拟结果方面，地热数值模拟可用于地热资源开发规划和关键生产参数优化，而油藏数值模拟则更多地应用于油田储量评估、注采参数优化和油井生产管理。通过对比分析为地热能和石油工程领域的研究和应用提供了理论参考和实践指导，有助于推动2种能源资源的高效利用和可持续发展。

关键词: 地热数值模拟, 油藏数值模拟, 数值解法, 数学模型, 应用领域

Abstract:

Geothermal energy and petroleum are both vital subsurface energy resources. Numerical simulation of geothermal and reservoir systems is a key technology for evaluating and optimizing the development and utilization of these resources, playing an essential guiding role in the energy sector. By comparing the foundational mathematical models, numerical methods, and case studies of geothermal and reservoir simulations, this study highlights the similarities and differences in their application to the development of these two energy sources. In terms of simulation methods, geothermal numerical simulations focus on heat conduction and geothermal field variation, whereas reservoir numerical simulations emphasize fluid dynamics and the oil extraction process. Regarding simulation results, geothermal simulations are used for geothermal resource development planning and the optimization of key production parameters, while reservoir simulations are primarily applied to reserve estimation, injection-production parameter optimization, and well production management. This comparative analysis provides theoretical and practical guidance for research and applications in geothermal energy and petroleum engineering, promoting the efficient and sustainable utilization of both energy resources.

Key words: geothermal numerical simulation, reservoir numerical simulation, numerical methods, mathematical models, application areas

中图分类号:

TE01

盖长城,李洪达,任路等. 地热数值模拟与油藏数值模拟方法对比分析[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2024, 14(6): 849-856.

GAI Changcheng,LI Hongda,REN Lu, et al. Comparative analysis of geothermal and reservoir numerical simulation methods[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2024, 14(6): 849-856.

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数值解法	油藏数值模拟应用	地热数值模拟应用	特点	代表软件
有限差分法	广泛用于流动问题	适用于简单几何和均匀网格	使用简单直观的规则网格进行模拟，易于实现；但在处理复杂边界条件时，不够精确，无法处理在不规则区域或复杂流体中的多相渗流模拟	Eclipes、TOUGH2、CMG
有限元法	处理复杂地质结构和非线性问题	适应复杂储层几何和边界条件	能够处理复杂的边界条件，适用于多物理场模拟，在多相渗流模拟中能够提供精确的模拟结果，但是在处理流体力学问题时存在一定问题	Feflow、OpenGeoSys
有限体积法	保证物理量的守恒	适合处理对流占优的问题	能很好地保守质量、动量和能量，模拟非线性问题和不规则网格，在流体动力学模拟方面有很好的适应性，但其局部精度较低，适合大模型的计算	OpenFOAM、 ANSYS FLUENT

关键参数	油藏数值模拟	地热数值模拟
储层描述与物性参数	岩石类型、孔隙度、流体饱和度等	热容量、导热系数等
边界条件	定压或封闭边界	恒温或对流换热边界
初始状态	压力、温度、流体饱和度等	地层温度分布、压力分布等

参数类型	参数名称	参数取值	平均值
地质参数	孔隙度/%	30.0~39.0	33.4
	渗透率/10^-3 μm²	800~5 000	2 432
	储层埋深/m	1 700~2 000
	储层厚度/m	2.0~10.0	5.8
流体参数	地下原油密度/（g/cm³）	0.815
	地下原油黏度/（mPa•s）	4.6
	残余油饱和度	0.365
	束缚水饱和度	0.267
初始状态	油水界面/m	-1 744
	初始压力/MPa	16.22
	饱和压力/MPa	15.3
	压力系数	0.96

参数类型	参数名称	参数取值	平均数值
地质参数	孔隙度/%	11.4~39.0	25.2
	渗透率/10^-3μm²	110.0~2 677.5	348.8
	储层埋深/m	2 200~2 600
	储层厚度/m	590.00~775.00	612.25
	水比热容/[J/（kg•℃）]	4 180
	岩石比热容/[J/（kg•℃）]	1 180
	水导热系数/[W/（m•K）]	0.639
	岩石导热系数/[W/（m•K）]	1
边界条件	采水量/（m³/h）	120
	回灌量/（m³/h）	120
	热储温度/℃	88
	回灌温度/℃	20