延川南深部煤层气勘探开发面临的挑战和对策

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2020.04.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

深部煤层气资源潜力大,是我国煤层气勘探开发的一个重要领域。历经十多年的攻关探索,中国石化华东油气分公司在深部煤层气地质理论研究以及低成本勘探开发产能实践方面取得了积极进展,建成了国内首个投入商业开发的延川南深部煤层气田,建立了深部煤层气富集高产的“五要素”协同控制地质理论,制定了深部煤层气精细化的排采制度,集成了深部煤层气低成本工程工艺技术,建立了深部煤层气气藏动态评价分区管理技术等多项煤层气低成本勘探开发技术,基本形成了深部煤层气开发技术策略,探索出了一条经济有效的勘探开发模式,实现了深部煤层气的效益开发。但我国深部煤层气勘探开发尚处于起步和探索阶段,延川南深部煤层气勘探开发实践中仍面临理论创新、技术突破、效益开发等诸多挑战：①深部煤层气地质非均质性强、开发工程技术不完全适应于特有的地质特征变化;②部分气井稳产期较短、递减较快,长期低效生产;③纵向资源有待进一步评价,气田储量动用程度不充分。针对以上难题提出了3点对策：①创新适用于深部煤层高应力低渗地质条件下的有效规模压裂改造工艺技术研究,实现增产、降本、增效;②深化低效主因分析,以解堵、疏导为治理方向;③加强深部煤层气资源潜力评价以及适用性的开发工艺技术,提高储量动用保持气田活力。

关键词: 延川南, 深部煤层气, 勘探开发, 产能建设, 开发对策

Abstract:

Deep CBM resources with great potential is an important area of CBM exploration and development in China. After more than 10 years of research and exploration, Sinopec East China Oil & Gas Company has made positive progress in basic geological theory research and low-cost engineering technology research of deep CBM. The first deep coalbed methane field in South Yanchuan put into commercial development in China has been built, the geological theory of "five factors" for coordinated control of deep CBM enrichment and high production has been established, a refined drainage system for deep CBM has been formulated, the low-cost engineering technology of deep CBM has been integrated, many low-cost exploration and development technologies of deep CBM dynamic evaluation and zonal management have been established, the development technology strategy of deep coalbed methane has been basically formed, and an economical and effective mode of exploration and development has been explored. All these above contribute to the realization of the benefit development for deep CBM. However, the exploration and development of deep CBM in China is still in its infancy and exploration stage. In the practice of exploration and development, there are still many challenges, such as theoretical innovation, technological breakthrough, and benefit development. Specifically, ①Deep CBM has strong geological heterogeneity, and the development engineering technology is not fully suitable for the change of unique geological characteristics; ②Some gas wells have short stable production period, rapid decline, and long-term low production effective production; ③The vertical resources need to be further evaluated, and the gas field reserves are not fully utilized. In order to solve the above problems, three countermeasures are put forward: ①innovating and applying the effective scale fracturing technology research under the geological conditions of high stress and low permeability of deep coal seam to achieve the increase of production, cost reduction and efficiency; ②deepening the analysis of the main causes of low efficiency, and taking the removal of blocking and dredging as the direction of governance; ③strengthening the potential evaluation of deep CBM resources and the development technology of applicability so as to improve the development of reserves and maintain the vitality of the gas field.

Key words: Yanchuannan field, deep CBM, exploration and development, productivity construction, development strategy

中图分类号:

TE37

吴聿元,陈贞龙. 延川南深部煤层气勘探开发面临的挑战和对策[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2020, 10(4): 1-11.

Yuyuan WU,Zhenlong CHEN. Challenges and countermeasures for exploration and development of deep CBM of South Yanchuan[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2020, 10(4): 1-11.

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区块	埋深/ m	厚度 /m	孔隙度/ %	渗透率/10^-3μm²	镜质组含量/ %	灰分含量/ %	热演化程度/ %	含气量/ （m³·t^-1）	矿化度/ （g·L^-1）	地层压力系数
谭坪	800~1 000	2.8~6.9	4.2~6.7	0.01~0.6	67.6~80.8	8~36	1.9~2.4	8~12	3~80	0.4~0.6
万宝山	1 000~1 600	3.5~6.0	3.0~5.3	0.2~0.8	70.2~89.2	5.4~22	2.1~3.2	10~22	2~7	0.5~0.8

类型	物质基础		保存条件				可采条件
类型	含气量 /(m³·t^-1)	厚度/m	压力系数	构造条件	水文条件	顶底板条件	地应力/（MPa·m^-1）	煤体结构	渗透率/10^-3μm²
I类	>12	>5	>0.8	简单	承压区	泥岩	<0.015	原生—碎裂	>0.1
II类	8~12	3~5	0.6~0.8	较简单	弱径流	致密砂岩	0.015~0.025	碎粒结构	0.01~0.1
III类	<8	<3	<0.6	复杂	补给—强径流区	砂岩灰岩	>0.025	糜棱结构	<0.01

分区		静态地质			压裂施工		开发动态			主控因素
分区		构造	含气量/ （m³·t^-1）	渗透率/ 10^-3μm²	施工曲线	停泵压力/ MPa	稳产气量/ （m³·d^-1）	产液/ （m³·d^-1）	矿化度/（mg·L^-1）	主控因素
万宝山	南区	微背斜	14~20	0.2~0.8	平稳	20~30	1 500~1 600	0.45	50 000~80 000	高渗保存好
	北区	小断层	14~19	0.1~0.4	平稳	20~30	1 000~1 200	0.43	10 000~36 000	中渗保存中等
	东区	近大断裂	8~12	0.1~0.3	压力变化大	>30,<20	580	1.5	2 000~5 000	高渗保存差
	西区	无断层	12~19	<0.1	压力高、砂堵	>30	670	<0.3	>80 000	低渗保存好
	断裂带	近小断层	6~16	0.1~0.6	陡降、压力低	<15	0~230	>8	<2 000	大液量
谭坪	主体区	小断层	10~12	0.2~0.8	平稳	10~20	1 000	0.8	3 000~5 000	高渗保存中等

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