深层油藏大斜度井深抽技术对策

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2023.02.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南堡油田地处滩海，油井位置局限，整体开发以大斜度定向井为主，受油藏形成特性影响，断块发育破碎，横向面积小，纵向含油层系多，低能量区存在大量供液不足的油井，泵的常规下入深度难以满足连续生产的供排需求，导致单井效益过低，同时泵筒充不满加剧了井下杆柱应力的复杂性和偏磨程度。在对抽油机井杆管泵进行综合分析的基础上，提出了深抽工艺的技术对策，并由油藏压力和生产参数预测了深抽放大压差的增产潜力，从多级杆柱加深后应力计算及延长生产周期等配套工艺技术研究入手，通过软件模拟深抽后杆柱应力变化，对深抽后不同深度杆柱进行应力测试与理论计算对比，并对相关配套工艺进行优化设计，确保深抽后杆柱应力的安全性。实现了深抽后油井动液面下降，产能增加，沉没度的增加,并提高了泵筒充满系数，泵挂深度平均加深800 m、最大泵挂深度达到3 300 m，生产压差平均放大6 MPa，泵效平均提高10个百分点，单井增油平均提高300 t，同时针对不同油层物性、不同供液能力的油井进行效果分析和经验总结，形成了不同油井深抽的可行性评价方法。

关键词: 深层油藏, 大斜度井, 杆柱应力, 产能预测, 深抽技术, 防偏磨工艺

Abstract:

Nanpu Oilfield is located in the tidal sea with limited oil well spacing, and the overall development is dominated by highly oblique directional wells. Due to the characteristics of reservoir formation, the fault blocks are developed and broken, and the transverse area is small, the longitudinal layer distribution is large, and there are many oil wells with insufficient liquid supply in the low energy area. The conventional pump running depth is difficult to meet the supply and drainage requirements of continuous production, resulting in low efficiency of a single well. At the same time, the dissatisfaction of the pump barrel aggravates the complexity and eccentric wear degree of the down-hole rod stress. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of the rod, pipe and pump of the pumping unit system, the technical countermeasures of deep pumping are put forward. And the stimulation potential of deep pumping amplified pressure difference is predicted by the reservoir pressure and production parameters. The stress calculation after multi-stage rod deepening and the extension of production cycle are studied. After the simulation of the stress change of the rod column after deep pumping by the software, the stress test and theoretical calculation of the rod column at different depths after deep pumping are compared, and the related supporting technology is optimized to ensure the stress safety of the rod column after deep pumping. After deep pumping, the oil well dynamic fluid level decreased and the productivity increased. The increase of subduction reduced the filling dissatisfaction of the pump barrel. The setting depth of the pump is deepened averagely by 800 meters and can reach a depth of 3 300 meters. The production pressure difference, the pump efficiency, and the single well oil increment increase by 6 MPa, ten percentage points and 300 tons respectively on average. At the same time, the effect analysis and experience summary are carried out for oil wells with different reservoir properties and different liquid supply capacity, and the feasibility evaluation method of deep pumping in different oil wells is formed.

Key words: deep reservoir, highly deviated well, pole stress, capacity prediction, deep pumping technology, anti-biasing process

中图分类号:

TE143

张进,田洪波,胡宇新. 深层油藏大斜度井深抽技术对策[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2023, 13(2): 247-253.

Jin ZHANG,Hongbo TIAN,Yuxin HU. Technical countermeasures for deep pumping of highly deviated wells in deep reservoir[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2023, 13(2): 247-253.

图/表 6

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

表2

参考文献 20

[1]	杜坤, 王鹏, 李杨, 等. 塔河油田典型深抽工艺研究[J]. 辽宁石油化工大学学报, 2019, 39(5): 45-52.
	DU Kun, WANG Peng, LI Yang, et al. Study on typical deep pumping Processes in Tahe Oilfield[J]. Journal of Liaoning Shihua University, 2019, 39(5): 45-52.
[2]	尉亚民, 张立会, 张启汉, 等. 青海油田低渗透油藏深层举升工艺技术研究与应用[J]. 钻采工艺, 2011, 34(2): 29-32.
	WEI Yamin, ZHANG Lihui, ZHANG Qihan, et al. Research and application of artificial-life technology for deep tight reservoir in Qinghai Oilfield[J]. Drilling ＆ Production Technology, 2011, 34(2): 29-32.
[3]	郑小雄. 小泵深抽技术在高气液比低产液井上的研究与应用[J]. 石化技术, 2016, 23(7): 164.
	ZHENG Xiaoxiong. Applied study of depth-pumping with small diameter pump in high gas fluid ratio and low production wells[J]. Petrochemical Industry Technology, 2016, 23(7): 164.
[4]	杨小辉. 深抽杆式泵的研制与应用[J]. 石油机械, 2016, 44(12): 93-95.
	YANG Xiaohui. Development and application of rod pump for deep well pumping[J]. China Petroleum Machinery, 2016, 44(12): 93-95.
[5]	董泽昌, 陈军, 李海涛, 等. 鄯善油田液力反馈泵深抽设计与应用[J]. 钻采工艺, 2019, 42(3): 76-79. doi: 10.3969/J. ISSN.1006-768X.2019.03.22
	DONG Zechang, CHEN Jun, LI Haitao, et al. Deep pumping design of hydraulic feedback pump for Shanshan oilfield and application[J]. Drilling & Production Technology, 2019, 42(3): 76-79. doi: 10.3969/J. ISSN.1006-768X.2019.03.22
[6]	曹刚, 吴晓东, 朱秀峰, 等. 水平井有杆泵深抽工艺的设计与评价[J]. 石油钻采工艺, 2006, 34(5): 52-54.
	CAO Gang, WU Xiaodong, ZHU Xiufeng, et al. Design and appraisal of horizontal wells deep well lifting technology[J]. Oil Drilling & Production Technology, 2006, 34(5): 52-54.
[7]	唐庆, 马翠岩, 韩启清, 等. 优化深抽配套技术在大港油田的应用[J]. 石油钻采工艺, 2022, 24(S1): 60-63.
	TANG Qing, MA Cuiyan, HAN Qiqing, et al. Optimal application of matched deep pumping technology[J]. Oil Drilling & Production Technology, 2022, 24(S1): 60-63.
[8]	何更生. 油层物理[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2006.
	HE Gengsheng. Petrophysics[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2006.
[9]	罗英俊, 万仁溥. 采油技术手册[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2005.
	LUO Yingjun, WAN Renpu. Handbook of oil production technology[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2005.
[10]	李颖川. 采油工程[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2011.
	LI Yingchuan. Oil production engineering[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2011.
[11]	姜民政, 李葳, 徐书凡, 等. 抽油机井杆柱系统防偏磨装置设计与优化[J]. 石油机械, 2019, 47(8): 112-118.
	JIANG Minzheng, LI Wei, XU Shufan, et al. Design and optimization of anti-eccentric device for rod string system in pumping wells[J]. China Petroleum Machinery, 2019, 47(8): 112-118.
[12]	孔令维. 水平井深抽配套工艺技术[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 2011, 30(3): 135-138.
	KONG Lingwei. The matching engineering technology of deep pumping for horizontal wells[J]. Daqing Petroleum Geology and Development, 2011, 30(3):135-138.
[13]	郑小雄. 小泵深抽技术在高气液比低产液井上的研究与应用[J]. 石化技术, 2016, 23(7): 164.
	ZHENG Xiaoxiong. Applied study of depth-pumping with small diameter pump in high gas fluid ratio and low production wells[J]. Petrochemical Industry Technology, 2016, 23(7): 164.
[14]	余铁静, 侯双亮, 李鹏, 等. 稠油强启闭抽油泵的研制与应用[J]. 石油机械, 2014, 42(7): 89-91.
	YU Tiejing, HOU Shuangliang, LI Peng, et al. Development and application of forced-open/close pump for heavy oil[J]. China Petroleum Machinery, 2014, 42(7): 89-91.
[15]	李枝梅. 低渗油藏有杆泵深抽采油配套技术[J]. 特种油气藏, 2005, 12(4): 76-78.
	LI Zhimei. Deep pumping by sucker of rod in low permeability reservoir[J]. Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs, 2005, 12(4): 76-78.
[16]	方达科, 董长银, 黄亮, 等. 多层滤网机械防砂完井筛管动态腐蚀试验研究[J]. 石油机械, 2020, 48(1): 12-19.
	FANG Dake, DONG Changyin, HUANG Liang, et al. Dynamic corrosion experiment of multi-layer metal mesh screen for sand control completion[J]. China Petroleum Machinery, 2020, 48(1): 12-19.
[17]	李学良. 化学防砂和机械防砂综合应用[J]. 石化技术, 2015, 22(8): 143.
	LI Xueliang. Integration of chemical and mechanical sand control[J]. Petrochemical Technology, 2015, 22(8): 143.
[18]	张正禄, 刘运荣, 李红, 等. 金属隔膜防砂抽油泵的研制与应用[J] 石油机械, 2013, 41(12): 121-123.
	ZHANG Zhenglu, LIU Yunrong, LI Hong, et al. Development and application of metal diaphragm sand control subsurface pump[J]. China Petroleum Machinery, 2013, 41(12): 121-123.
[19]	李书应, 顾文忠. 小泵深抽技术在低渗油藏中的应用研究[J]. 特种油气藏, 2006, 13(6): 70-73.
	LI Shuying, GU Wenzhong. Applied study of depth-pumping with small diameter pump in low-permeability reservoir[J]. Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs, 2006, 13(6): 70-73.
[20]	吴克柳, 李相方, 樊兆琪, 等. 低渗特低渗油藏非稳态油水相对渗透率计算模型[J]. 中国石油大学学报, 2013, 37(6): 76-81.
	WU Keliu, LI Xiangfang, FAN Zhaoqi, et al. Unsteady-state model for calculating oil-water relative permeability for reservoirs with low and ultra-low permeability[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum, 2013, 37(6): 76-81.

实施区块	实施井数（口）	深抽前				深抽后				单井累计增油（t）	总累计增油（t）
实施区块	实施井数（口）	平均泵深（m）	平均动液面（m）	日产液（t）	日产油（t）	平均泵深（m）	平均动液面（m）	日产液（t）	日产油（t）	单井累计增油（t）	总累计增油（t）
NPA区	17	2 043.0	1 952	51.0	27.5	2 750	2 631.4	108.8	55.9	262.50	4 562
NPB区	9	2 114.0	1 997	37.8	14.8	2 764	2 541.9	81.9	32.8	442.30	3 991
NPC区	26	1 975.0	1 883	108.0	45.9	2 780	2 501.9	194.0	75.3	304.30	5 885
NPD区	5	2 050.0	2 002	36.5	25.0	2 850	2 541.0	63.5	40.5	431.60	2 408
NPE区	19	2 102.0	1 980	67.1	44.0	2 911	2 802.0	134.5	65.7	47.50	1 039

区块	平均渗透率（10^-3 μm²）	平均气液比（m³/m³）	平均合采层数（个）	饱和压力（MPa）
NPA区	130	100	5	15	1.25
NPB区	202	30	2	10	2.04
NPC区	85	50	12	13	1.15
NPD区	165	100	3	12	1.43
NPE区	8	200	6	20	0.48