地源热泵系统能效提升途径

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2023.06.003

油气藏评价与开发 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (6): 726-740.doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2023.06.003

地源热泵系统能效提升途径

张育平¹(),杨潇²,刘俊¹,刘博洋³,汤伏蛟²(),谭忆秋²

1.陕西省煤田地质集团有限公司，自然资源部煤炭资源勘查与综合利用重点实验室，陕西西安 710026
2.哈尔滨工业大学交通科学与工程学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150006
3.陕西中煤新能源有限公司，陕西西安 710054

收稿日期:2023-03-13 发布日期:2024-01-03 出版日期:2023-12-26
通讯作者: 汤伏蛟（1990—），男，博士，讲师，从事能源岩土与道路工程的研究。地址：黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区西大直街92号哈尔滨工业大学，邮政编码：150006。E-mail: fujiao.tang@hit.edu.cn
作者简介:张育平（1966—），男，博士，教授级高工，从事地热能开发与利用的研究。地址：陕西省西安市经开区文景路26号，邮政编码：710026。E-mail: xazyp@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“大气环境作用下沥青路面水蒸发与渗流耦合行为及湿度演化规律研究”(52208433);陕西省秦创原“科学家+工程师”队伍建设项目“陕西省地热能高效利用技术‘科学家+工程师’队伍”(2022KXY-039);中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目“浅层地热源式寒区流体加热路面系统优化设计研究”(2021TQ0090)

Overview of solutions to improve efficiency of ground source heat pump system

ZHANG Yuping¹(),YANG Xiao²,LIU Jun¹,LIU Boyang³,TANG Fujiao²(),TAN Yiqiu²

1. Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shaanxi Coal Geology Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an, Shaanxi 710026, China
2. School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Haerbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150006，China
3. Shaanxi Zhongmei New Energy Co. Ltd., Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, China

Received:2023-03-13 Online:2024-01-03 Published:2023-12-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

浅层地热可被用于路面融雪除冰，建筑供热、制冷等。闭环垂直地埋管是浅层地热资源利用最常见形式，其在终端负荷作用下与岩土体进行热量交换。单根地埋管获取地热资源能力有限，多根埋管组合形式（地埋管群）被广泛应用于地源热泵系统。然而，地下温度场受管群与岩土换热性能影响，在设计、运行等不合理条件下可导致岩土体温度场不平衡，进而造成地源热泵系统能效降低，甚至失效。因此，管群设计、运行等方案优化是解决地温场不平衡问题的必要途径。基于国内外相关研究成果，梳理管群优化设计方法、储能和去能方法、辅助热源和冷源方法、运行控制策略。其中，管群优化设计方法主要聚焦管群间距设计、排布方式等；储能和去能方法主要介绍利用太阳能、工业废热等外部热源和冷源对地下岩土体进行加热和降温等的最新研究成果；辅助热源和冷源部分重点介绍太阳能、冷却塔等在地源热泵系统中的应用；运行控制策略主要分析地源热泵系统运行控制方案，包括峰点冷热负荷运行、间歇性运行、分区运行、系统控制策略等方案。总结了管群优化设计方法、运行控制策略等，剖析了各方案的优点与不足，可为管群岩土体温度场不平衡解决方案与地源热泵系统能效提升途径提供参考。

关键词: 地热能, 地埋管群, 地温场, 储能, 辅助热源和冷源, 运行策略

Abstract:

Shallow geothermal energy, with applications ranging from road snow melting and deicing to building heating/cooling, primarily utilizes closed-loop vertical buried pipes for resource exploitation. These pipes function by exchanging heat with the subterranean zone under specific cooling or heating loads. Given the limited capacity of a single vertical ground heat exchanger to harness geothermal resources, arrays of these exchangers are more commonly employed to effectively tap into shallow geothermal resources. However, the underground temperature field can be significantly affected by the heat exchange process between the ground heat exchanger array and the surrounding soil. Improper design and operational conditions can lead to an imbalance in the underground temperature field, potentially resulting in energy deficiencies and the malfunctioning of Ground Source Heat Pump Systems（GSHPS）. Therefore, optimizing the design and operation scheme of ground heat exchanger array is the key to solve the imbalance of underground temperature field. The review summarizes the domestic and foreign research results, outlining various methods for energy storage and removal, incorporating auxiliary heating and cooling sources, and exploring relevant optimization techniques. The borehole array design optimization methods include primarily the distance between the pipe and the borehole layout. The energy storage/removal section mainly introduces the latest research results of borehole heat exchanger array by using external heat/cold sources such as solar energy and industrial waste heat. The auxiliary method mainly describes the latest researches on the application of resources like solar energy and heating towers. The operation control strategy mainly analyzes the operation control of the ground source heat pump system, including the peak cooling and heating load operation, intermittent operation, partition operation, system control strategy, etc. By thoroughly examining these optimization approaches and operational control strategies, the review provides a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each scheme. This detailed evaluation serves as a valuable reference for improving the energy efficiency of GSHPS, ensuring sustainable and effective utilization of shallow geothermal resources.

Key words: geothermal energy, ground heat exchanger array, underground temperature field, energy storage, auxiliary heating/cooling source, control strategy

中图分类号:

TE965

张育平,杨潇,刘俊等. 地源热泵系统能效提升途径[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2023, 13(6): 726-740.

Yuping ZHANG,Xiao YANG,Jun LIU, et al. Overview of solutions to improve efficiency of ground source heat pump system[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2023, 13(6): 726-740.

图/表 4

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地源热泵系统能效提升途径

Overview of solutions to improve efficiency of ground source heat pump system

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