不同压裂规模下煤储层缝网形态对比研究——以延川南煤层气田为例

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024.03.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以大砂量、大液量为特点的储层改造技术推动深层煤层气开发取得突破，煤层气增储上产保持着良好势头。为探索深部煤储层水力压裂过程中裂缝扩展形态，在鄂尔多斯盆地延川南煤层气田开展不同压裂规模煤储层改造的矿场试验，对比分析压后裂缝扩展形态和储层改造面积，查明了不同类型气井、不同施工规模下裂缝形态的差异性，分析投产后的产气效果，形成了适合研究区深部煤储层改造工艺。结果表明：①低效老井多次中等规模压裂、新井多次大规模压裂和新井单次超大规模压裂均能有效延伸裂缝长度、扩大储层改造面积，但缝网形态存在较大差异。受排采过程和诱导应力影响，低效老井经多次中等规模压裂后，形成主裂缝延伸、次裂缝扩展的“玫瑰花”型缝网；新井压裂改造后形成的缝网形态呈“长椭圆”型，但单次超大规模的液体使用效率更高，相同规模下裂缝半长和改造面积更大。②随压裂次数增加，裂缝半长和改造面积均呈对数增加的趋势，且有明显的递减效应，试采证实2次大规模压裂施工具有良好的经济性，研究结果为井网部署提供了依据。以柴油为动力来源的压裂设备较难适应提升规模后的连续施工，电驱动压裂装置是未来整装煤层气田开发的可靠途径。

关键词: 延川南气田, 深层煤层气, 压裂规模, 裂缝监测, 缝网形态

Abstract:

Significant advancements in deep Coal Bed Methane（CBM）development have been achieved through the adoption of reservoir reforming technology, characterized by the utilization of large sand volumes and large fracturing fluid volumes in Yanchuannan CBM Gas Field of Ordos Basin. This study conducts field tests on coal reservoirs with varying fracturing scales to explore the patterns of fracture expansion post-hydraulic fracturing and assesses the resultant reservoir reform areas. The analysis identifies distinct fracture patterns across different types of gas wells and fracturing scales, examines the impacts on gas production post-commissioning, and develops fracturing technology tailored to Yanchuannan CBM Gas Field. Multiple moderate-scale fracturing interventions in inefficient old wells and large-scale fracturing in new wells effectively extend fracture lengths and expand the area of reservoir reconstruction. However, the morphology of the resulting fracture networks varies significantly. Inefficient old wells subjected to multiple medium-scale fracturing develop a “rose-shaped” fracture network with primary and secondary fractures, whereas new wells exhibit a “long elliptical” fracture pattern. Notably, the use of a single ultra-large-scale fracturing fluid achieves greater efficiency, producing longer half-length fractures and larger renovation areas under the same scale. The fracture half-length and renovation area demonstrate a logarithmic increase with the frequency of fracturing, significantly enhancing the efficiency. Economic evaluations of trial production confirm that two large-scale fracturing operations are economically viable, providing a foundation for future well network deployment. Fracturing equipment powered by diesel struggles to adapt to continuous operations at scaled-up levels, suggesting that electric-driven fracturing devices present a reliable alternative for the sustainable development of integrated CBM gas fields. These insights not only enhance understanding of fracture dynamics in deep CBM reservoirs but also guide the optimization of fracturing strategies and equipment choices for future developments.

Key words: Yanchuannan Gas Field, deep CBM, fracturing scale, microseismic monitoring, fracture network pattern

中图分类号:

TE357

刘晓. 不同压裂规模下煤储层缝网形态对比研究——以延川南煤层气田为例[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2024, 14(3): 510-518.

LIU Xiao. Comparison of seam network morphology in coal reservoirs under different fracturing scales: A case of Yanchuannan CBM Gas Field[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2024, 14(3): 510-518.

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类别	技术原理	监测目标	适用范围	数据处理	信号精度	野外施工
微地震法	被动监测岩石破裂产生的能量震动信号	监测破裂范围内岩石破裂事件，与压裂液无直接关系	施工区域远离断层，顶底板地层稳定性好	根据多个检波器计算微弱信号，精度要求高	易受压裂现场噪声影响，数据信噪比低，事件拾取困难	监测区域2~3 km范围，地表监测需大量布设检波器，井中监测需要相邻井
广域电磁法	人工源连接井筒、主动激发监测压裂液入地产生的电性差异	压裂液波及范围内保持连通的有效裂缝	施工区域远离含水型断层，顶底板封隔性好、含水性弱	压前、压中、压后不同阶段会有动态的变化，依据原始数据和背景场做计算解释	依据现场背景值优选测量频率，信号强，数据达到毫伏级，抗干扰强	数据采集器在井段两侧500 m左右

类别	构造位置	埋深/m	储层压力/MPa	兰氏体积/（cm³/g）	杨氏模量/GPa
低效老井多次中等规模压裂	万宝山构造带	1 165	8.7	27.0	5.8
新井多次大规模压裂		1 137	8.5	27.4	6.0
新井单次超大规模压裂		1 142	8.8	27.2	5.6

类别	施工次序	支撑剂量/m³	液量/m³	排量/（m³/min）	砂液比/%	动态半长/m	新增改造面积/m²
低效老井多次中等规模压裂试验参数	第一次	150.7	2 176	11.7	6.9	256.1	11 432
	第二次	151.7	1 955	12.0~11.4	7.8	296.1	9 859
	第三次	152.7	2 036	11.3	7.5	335.9	6 392
	第四次	136.3	2 001	12.0	6.8	362.2	4 467
	合计	591.4	8 168				32 150
新井多次大规模压裂试验参数	第一次	500.0	3 905	16.0~17.0	12.8	209.0	16 564
	第二次	500.0	3 523	17.0~18.0	14.2	302.0	16 352
	第三次	500.0	3 439	17.0~18.0	14.5	322.0	7 370
	第四次	500.0	3 691	18.0	13.5	339.0	6 388
	第五次	500.0	3 575	18.0	14.0	345.0	3 628
	合计	2 500.0	18 133				50 302
新井单次超大规模压裂试验参数	第一次	1 000.0	6 539	18.0	15.3	389.0	40 572