地质封存过程中CO2注入对地层影响研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： CO₂地质封存作为碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）技术中的重要一环,决定了CCUS技术的发展潜力和发展方向,是实现双碳目标的有效手段,明确CO₂注入产生的一系列地层响应对于安全高效注入具有重要意义。压力提升是限制封存容量和封存安全的主要因素,流体溶解运移沉淀是影响地层稳定性和封存效率的本质特征,储层可注性及盖层安全性是决定地质封存项目成败的关键。系统讨论了CO₂注入引起的压力聚集、压力传导、CO₂-水-岩相互作用、矿物溶解沉淀及岩石孔隙结构特征等方面的地层响应特征,总结了润湿性、孔隙度、渗透率、流体性质、岩石强度、盖层完整性、地表形变及断层活化对储层可注性和盖层安全性的影响,指出目前研究存在的压力变化规律难预测、反应机理不明晰、注入效率不高效、监测评估尚不完善等主要问题。未来需要深化对封存机理的理解,改善地层响应的监测和评估方法,加强环境风险评估,进一步推动CO₂地质封存技术的安全、高效应用,为应对全球气候变化问题提供有力支持。

关键词: 注入工艺, 压力变化, CO₂-水-岩作用, 孔渗特征, 可注性

Abstract: As an important part of Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage （CCUS） technology, CO₂ geological storage determines the development potential and direction of CCUS technology, and is an effective means to achieve the dual carbon goal. It is of great significance to identify formation responses generated by CO₂ injection for safe and efficient injection. Among these responses, the escalation in pressure is the main factor constraining the storage capacity and safety, fluid dynamics involving dissolution, migration, and potential precipitation are integral to maintaining formation stability and storage efficiency. In addition, reservoir's injectivity, ensuring seamless CO₂ displacement, and the caprock integrity, which forms the basis for evaluating the project's viability. The formation response characteristics caused by CO₂ injection, such as pressure accumulation, pressure conduction, CO₂-water-rock interaction, mineral dissolution and precipitation, and rock pore structure characteristics, are systematically discussed. The influences of wettability, porosity, permeability, fluid properties, rock strength, cap integrity, surface deformation and fault activation on reservoir permeability and cap safety are summarized. It is acknowledged that prevailing research faces notable challenges, namely the unpredictability of pressure dynamics, an incomplete understanding of chemical reaction kinetics, inefficiencies in injection processes, and deficiencies in the sophistication of monitoring and evaluation frameworks. In the future, it is necessary to further deepen the understanding of the storage mechanism, improving the monitoring and assessment methods of formation response, advancing environmental risk assessment methodologies and refining preventive and control technologies to address potential ecological impacts.

Key words: injection process, pressure change, CO₂-Water-Rock Interaction, porosity and permeability characteristics, injectivity

中图分类号:

TE38

王展鹏,刘双星,刘琦,等. 地质封存过程中CO₂注入对地层影响研究进展[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2025, (): 2-.

WANG Zhanpeng,LIU Shuangxing,LIU Qi, et al. Research progress on the effects of CO₂ injection in geological storage on strata[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2025, (): 2-.

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地质封存过程中CO₂注入对地层影响研究进展

Research progress on the effects of CO₂ injection in geological storage on strata

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