顺北超深断控凝析气藏流体非平衡相变对开采效果影响

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.03.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

受超深超高温超高压成藏控藏机制影响，顺北超深层断控体凝析气藏地层流体呈现出超临界凝析气复杂相态特征，而其复杂相态演化行为对开发动态会产生怎样的影响，是顺北超深层断控体凝析气藏开发过程亟待探索和解决的问题。以顺北4号断裂带高含凝析油超临界凝析气为研究对象，首先运用高温高压可视化实验观测方法开展顺北凝析气藏近临界凝析油气流体临界乳光现象、非平衡相变现象、雾状反凝析沉降临界慢化现象，以及反凝析过程流体分层等特殊相态演化实验观测研究，而后分析高温超高压条件下近临界凝析气流体所产生的非平衡相态演化特征，初步揭示了非平衡相变及渗流对气井衰竭开采过程反凝析早期雾状反凝析沉降弛豫慢化现象等对凝析油采出程度的影响，得到在PVT（压力-容积-温度）釜中一定气柱高度中从露点压力开始降压至最大反凝析压力的雾状凝析油重力沉降弛豫时间累计可达1 193 s，转换到顺北凝析气藏大纵深缝洞体流动空间可达7 026 s，通过合理控制采速则可提高雾状反凝析油采出程度为4.99%；基于长岩心非平衡渗流实验测试得到合理控制采速可使反凝析油的采出程度提高了7.14%。结合顺北4号带典型气井生产曲线的变化规律，探讨了非平衡相变和雾状反凝析沉降弛豫效应对凝析气井反凝析阶段凝析油采出程度的影响。实际开采动态显示，目前凝析油采出程度较天然气高出5%以上，研发的高温高压原位相态观测系统已成功应用于塔里木、四川盆地等超深层气藏，可为顺北超深层凝析气藏开发动态特征分析及开发对策调整提供一定的参考。

关键词: 超深断控体凝析气藏, 超临界凝析气, 非平衡相变, 反凝析沉降, 弛豫慢化现象, 非平衡渗流

Abstract:

Under the influence of the ultra-deep, ultra-high temperature, and ultra-high pressure reservoir formation and control mechanism, stratum fluid in the Shunbei ultra-deep fault-controlled condensate gas reservoir exhibits complex phase characteristics of supercritical condensate gas. The impact of the complex phase evolution behavior on the development dynamics is an urgent issue to be addressed in the development process of the Shunbei ultra-deep fault-controlled condensate gas reservoir. Using the supercritical condensate gas with high condensate oil content from the Shunbei No. 4 fault zone as the subject of study, high-temperature and high-pressure visual experimental observation methods were first used to study the near-critical condensate oil and gas fluid’s critical opalescence, non-equilibrium phase transition, mist retrograde condensation sedimentation, critical slow-down phenomenon, and special phase evolution behavior such as fluid stratification in the retrograde condensation process. Subsequently, the non-equilibrium phase evolution characteristics of near-critical condensate gas fluid under high-temperature and ultra-high pressure conditions were analyzed, revealing the impact of non-equilibrium phase transition and seepage on early-stage mist retrograde condensation, sedimentation and relaxation slow-down phenomenon during gas well depletion, ultimately affecting the recovery degree of condensate oil. The relaxation time for mist condensate oil gravitational settling from the dew point pressure to the maximum retrograde condensation pressure in the PVT (pressure-volume-temperature) apparatus could reach 1 193 s, which when scaled to the deep fracture-cavity flow space of the Shunbei condensate gas reservoir, could correspond to 7 026 s. By reasonably controlling the production rate, the recovery degree of mist retrograde condensate oil could be increased by 4.99%. Based on long-core non-equilibrium seepage experiments, it was found that reasonably controlling the production rate could increase the recovery degree of retrograde condensate oil by 7.14%. Combining the the production curve patterns of typical gas wells in the Shunbei No. 4 zone, the influence of non-equilibrium phase transition and mist retrograde condensation sedimentation relaxation effect on condensate oil recovery degree during the retrograde condensation stage was explored. Actual production data showed that the current condensate oil recovery degree was more than 5% higher than that of natural gas. The developed high-temperature and high-pressure in-situ phase observation system has been successfully applied to ultra-deep gas reservoirs in Tarim Basin and Sichuan Basin, and can provide a reference for the analysis of the development dynamics and the adjustment of development strategies for the Shunbei ultra-deep condensate gas reservoir.

Key words: ultra-deep fault-controlled condensate gas reservoir, supercritical condensate gas, non-equilibrium phase transition, retrograde condensation sedimentation, relaxation slow-down phenomenon, non-equilibrium seepage

中图分类号:

TE372

张宁,曹飞,李宗宇, 等. 顺北超深断控凝析气藏流体非平衡相变对开采效果影响[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2025, 15(3): 471-478.

ZHANG Ning,CAO Fei,LI Zongyu, et al. Impact of non-equilibrium phase transition of reservoir fluid on production performance in Shunbei ultra-deep fault-controlled condensed gas reservoir[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2025, 15(3): 471-478.

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