气田采出水回注地层CO2封存赋存状态研究

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.04.015

油气藏评价与开发 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (4): 656-663.doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.04.015

气田采出水回注地层CO₂封存赋存状态研究

杨术刚¹^,²(), 任金蔓³, 蔡明玉¹^,², 刘浩童¹, 刘双星¹^,², 薛明¹^,², 张坤峰¹^,²()

1.中国石油集团安全环保技术研究院有限公司，北京 102206
2.石油石化污染物控制与处理国家重点实验室，北京 102206
3.大庆油田水务环保公司水务环保研究院，黑龙江大庆 163453

收稿日期:2024-04-25 发布日期:2025-07-19 出版日期:2025-08-26
通讯作者: 张坤峰（1971—），男，博士，高级工程师，从事CO₂地质封存与利用相关研究工作。地址：北京市昌平区黄河北街1号院1号楼，邮政编码：102206。E-mail： zhangkunfeng@cnpc.com.cn
作者简介:杨术刚（1993—），男，博士，工程师，从事CO₂地质封存与利用相关研究工作。地址：北京市昌平区黄河北街1号院1号楼，邮政编码：102206。E-mail： yshugang@cnpc.com.cn
基金资助:
中国石油科技项目课题“咸水层二氧化碳封存协同烟气处置方法研究”(2023ZZ1301);中国石油集团安全环保技术研究院有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目“基于多模态数据的咸水层CO2有效封存量评价技术研究”(RISE2023KY14);中国石油科学研究与技术开发项目专题“高效贫水吸收剂开发与采出水回注协同CO2封存技术研究”(2021DQ03-A2)

Investigation on occurrence states of CO₂ storage in formations with gas field produced water reinjection

YANG Shugang¹^,²(), REN Jinman³, CAI Mingyu¹^,², LIU Haotong¹, LIU Shuangxing¹^,², XUE Ming¹^,², ZHANG Kunfeng¹^,²()

1.CNPC Research Institute of Safety & Environment Technology, Beijing 102206, China
2.State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing 102206, China
3.Water and Environmental Protection Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield Water Environmental Protection Company, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163453, China

Received:2024-04-25 Online:2025-07-19 Published:2025-08-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

减污降碳协同增效背景下，气田采出水回注协同CO₂地质封存为推进减污降碳协同、拓展CO₂地质封存效益路径提供了一种重要途径。CO₂在气田采出水回注地层的赋存状态演化将直接影响CO₂的封存效率和长期安全性。从CO₂-气田采出水-储层岩石相互作用机理出发，运用PHREEQC软件，系统研究了CO₂压力、采出水矿化度、储层岩石类型和地层温度对溶解矿化相CO₂、自由相CO₂ 2种赋存状态的影响规律和作用机制，结合反应过程矿物组成与溶解矿化比例变化，分析了影响气田采出水回注地层CO₂赋存状态主控因素。结果表明：①长石、绿泥石是促进CO₂矿化反应的主要矿物，而伊利石与方解石则是主要的固碳矿物；② 溶解矿化相CO₂物质的量（以下简称CO₂溶解矿化量）随CO₂压力的增加而增大，随气田采出水矿化度的增加而减小，砂岩体系中CO₂溶解矿化量随温度的增加而减小，而在灰岩体系中CO₂溶解矿化量随温度增加先减小后增加；③模拟条件下，CO₂压力变化导致的砂岩与灰岩体系中CO₂溶解矿化比例变化介于47%~72%，岩石类型差异导致的CO₂溶解矿化比例变化介于10%~45%，采出水矿化度与地层温度变化导致的砂岩与灰岩体系中CO₂溶解矿化比例变化分别介于2%~31%和3%~15%。研究成果对深化碳封存CO₂赋存状态演化及影响因素认识、推进气田采出水回注协同CO₂地质封存由理论研究向现场示范具有重要意义。

关键词: CO₂地质封存, 气田采出水回注, 减污降碳协同, PHREEQC软件, CO₂-水-岩相互作用, 赋存状态

Abstract:

Under the background of synergistic pollution and carbon reduction, gas field produced water reinjection coupled with CO₂ geological storage provides an important pathway to promote synergistic efficiency and expand the benefits of CO₂ geological storage. The evolution of CO₂ occurrence states in formations with gas field produced water reinjection directly affects the CO₂ storage efficiency and long-term security. Based on the interaction mechanism of CO₂, gas field produced water, and reservoir rocks, the PHREEQC software was employed to systematically investigate the influence patterns and underlying mechanisms of CO₂ pressure, produced water salinity, reservoir rock type, and formation temperature on the two CO₂ occurrence states: dissolved-mineralized phase and free phase. Combined with changes in mineral composition and dissolution-mineralization ratios during reactions, the dominant factors affecting CO₂ occurrence states in formations with gas field produced water reinjection were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Feldspar and chlorite served as the primary minerals promoting CO₂ mineralization reactions, while illite and calcite functioned as the main carbon fixation minerals. (2) The amount of CO₂ in the dissolved-mineralized phase (hereinafter referred to as CO₂ dissolution-mineralization quantity) increased with higher CO₂ pressure but decreased with increasing salinity of gas field produced water. In sandstone systems, the CO₂ dissolution-mineralization quantity decreased with increasing temperature, while in limestone systems, it first decreased and then increased with increasing temperature. (3) Under simulation conditions, changes in CO₂ pressure led to variations in CO₂ dissolution-mineralization proportions ranging from 47% to 72% in sandstone and limestone systems. Differences in rock type led to variations in CO₂ dissolution-mineralization proportions ranging from 10% to 45%. Changes in produced water salinity and formation temperature led to variations in CO₂ dissolution-mineralization proportions ranging from 2%-31% and 3%-15%, respectively, in sandstone and limestone systems. These findings are significant for deepening the understanding of CO₂ occurrence state evolution and influencing factors, and for advancing the practical demonstration of gas field produced water reinjection coupled with CO₂ geological storage from theoretical research to field applications.

Key words: CO₂ geological storage, gas field produced water reinjection, synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emission, PHREEQC software, CO₂-water-rock interaction, occurrence states

中图分类号:

TE99

杨术刚,任金蔓,蔡明玉, 等. 气田采出水回注地层CO₂封存赋存状态研究[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2025, 15(4): 656-663.

YANG Shugang,REN Jinman,CAI Mingyu, et al. Investigation on occurrence states of CO₂ storage in formations with gas field produced water reinjection[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2025, 15(4): 656-663.

图/表 11

表1

气田采出水中主要金属离子与CO2的化学反应式"

序号	化学反应式	次生矿物
1	CO₂(g) + H₂O(l) $⇌$ H₂CO₃(aq)
2	H₂CO₃(aq) $⇌$ H⁺(aq) + $H C O 3 -$ (aq)
3	HCO $3 -$ $⇌$ H⁺(aq) + $C O 3 2 -$ (aq)
4	Ca²⁺(aq) + $C O 3 2 -$ (aq) → CaCO₃(s)	方解石
5	Fe²⁺(aq) + $C O 3 2 -$ (aq) → FeCO₃(s)	菱铁矿
6	Mg²⁺(aq) + $C O 3 2 -$ (aq) → MgCO₃(s)	菱镁矿
7	Ba²⁺(aq) + $C O 3 2 -$ (aq) → BaCO₃(s)	毒重石
8	Ca²⁺(aq) + Mg²⁺(aq) + 2 $H C O 3 -$ (aq) → CaMg(CO₃)₂(s) + 2H⁺(aq)	白云石
9	Mn²⁺(aq)+ $C O 3 2 -$ (aq) → MnCO₃(s)	碳酸锰
10	Sr²⁺(aq)+ $C O 3 2 -$ (aq) → SrCO₃ $(s)$	菱锶矿

表1

表2

CO2-气田采出水-回注层岩石矿物化学反应式"

序号	矿物名称	化学反应式	次生矿物
1	方解石	CaCO₃+H⁺ → Ca²⁺+ $H C O 3 -$	完全溶解
2	白云石	CaMg(CO₃)₂+2H⁺ → Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺+2HCO $3 -$	完全溶解
3	钾长石	2KAlSi₃O₈+ 9H₂O + 2H⁺ → 2K⁺+ Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄+ 4H₄SiO₄	高岭石
4	钠长石	2NaAlSi₃O₈+ H₂O + CO₂ → 2Na⁺+ 2HCO $3 -$ + Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄+ 4SiO₂	高岭石，石英
4	钠长石	NaAlSi₃O₈ +H₂O + CO₂ → NaAlCO₃(OH)₂ +3SiO₂	片钠铝石，石英
5	钙长石	CaAl₂Si₂O₈+ H₂CO₃+ H₂O → CaCO₃ + Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	高岭石，方解石
5	钙长石	CaAl₂Si₂O₈ +2Na⁺+2CO₂+3H₂O → 2NaAlCO₃(OH)₂ + 3CaCO₃ + 2SiO₂ + 2H⁺	片钠铝石，石英，方解石
6	高岭石	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄+H₂O+2CO₂+2Na⁺ → NaAlCO₃(OH)₂+2SiO₂+2H⁺	片钠铝石，石英
7	伊利石	K_0.85Mg_0.25Al_2.35Si_3.4O₁₀(OH)₂+ 8.4H⁺ → 2.35Al³⁺+ 0.85K⁺+ 0.25Mg²⁺+ 5.2H₂O + 3.4SiO₂	石英
8	绿泥石	(Fe, Mg)₅Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈+8H⁺ → 3SiO₂+2.5Fe²⁺+2.5Mg²⁺+8H₂O+ 2AlO $2 -$	石英

表2

表3

表4

图1

图2

表5

表6

图3

图4

图5

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矿物类型	砂岩		灰岩
矿物类型	比例/%	物质的量/mol	比例/%	物质的量/mol
石英	38	3.170 0	2	0.166 7
长石	47	0.423 0	0
绿泥石	8	0.048 0	0
伊利石	7	0.089 3	0
方解石	0		83	4.150 0
白云石	0		15	0.408 0

采出水编号	各组成质量浓度/（g/L）					采出水矿化度/（g/L）
采出水编号	CaCl₂	NaCl	MgCl₂	KCl	BaCl₂	采出水矿化度/（g/L）
PW1	0	0	0	0	0	0
PW2	30	0.585	7	10	3	50.585
PW3	30	58.500	7	10	3	108.500
PW4	30	119.000	7	10	3	169.000
PW5	30	175.500	7	10	3	225.500

采出水编号	砂岩				灰岩
采出水编号	a	b	c	R²	a	b	c	R²
PW1	1.749	45.41	0.565 4	0.992 0	1.290 0	38.96	0.560 3	0.992 6
PW2	1.558	36.44	0.561 6	0.993 0	1.009 0	26.79	0.539 9	0.993 7
PW3	1.390	28.91	0.558 8	0.994 5	0.827 0	20.56	0.525 7	0.993 7
PW4	1.246	23.74	0.560 9	0.995 8	0.674 5	16.22	0.511 7	0.992 9
PW5	1.135	20.62	0.569 5	0.996 9	0.541 5	11.28	0.508 4	0.992 4

压力/MPa	各矿物组成物质的量/mol
	灰岩		砂岩
	方解石	白云石	绿泥石	伊利石	长石
变化幅度	0.26%~0.77%	-8.17% ~ -5.30%	完全反应	12% ~ 252%	完全反应
初始值	4.150 0	0.407 6	0.047 96	0.089 3	0.422 7
1	4.182 0	0.386 0	0.040 24	0.099 6	0.416 3
3	4.179 8	0.382 6	0.023 31	0.130 2	0.378 0
6	4.176 2	0.378 6	0	0.224 5	0.207 5
8	4.173 4	0.375 9	0	0.306 6	0.018 9
10	4.171 2	0.374 5	0	0.314 8	0
14	4.170 6	0.374 3	0	0.314 8	0
20	4.163 0	0.382 0	0	0.314 8	0
40	4.160 6	0.385 2	0	0.314 8	0

气田采出水回注地层CO₂封存赋存状态研究

Investigation on occurrence states of CO₂ storage in formations with gas field produced water reinjection

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