煤系气储层孔隙发育特征与成藏潜力——以尼泊尔低喜马拉雅造山带Tansen地区为例

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.06.001

油气藏评价与开发 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (6): 947-958.doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.06.001

煤系气储层孔隙发育特征与成藏潜力——以尼泊尔低喜马拉雅造山带Tansen地区为例

桑树勋¹^,²(), 何俊杰¹^,²(), 韩思杰³^,⁴, KUMAR Khadka¹^,²^,⁶, 周效志¹^,², 刘世奇¹^,², UPENDRA Baral⁵, SAUNAK Bhandari⁶

1.中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院，江苏徐州 221116
2.中国矿业大学煤层气资源与成藏过程教育部重点实验室，江苏徐州 221008
3.中国矿业大学江苏省煤基温室气体减排与资源化利用重点实验室，江苏徐州 221008
4.中国矿业大学碳中和研究院，江苏徐州 221008
5.尼泊尔基础研究院，尼泊尔加德满都 44600
6.尼泊尔地质矿产局，尼泊尔加德满都 44600

收稿日期:2024-10-03 发布日期:2025-10-24 出版日期:2025-12-26
通讯作者: 何俊杰（2000—），男，在读博士研究生，主要从事煤系非常规天然气勘探开发研究工作。地址：江苏省徐州市泉山区金山东路1号中国矿业大学（文昌校区）碳中和研究院，邮政编码：221008。E-mail：JunjieHe0930@163.com
作者简介:桑树勋（1967—），男，博士，二级教授，主要从事煤系非常规天然气勘探开发、碳中和科学与工程等方面的研究工作。地址：江苏省徐州市泉山区金山东路1号中国矿业大学（文昌校区）碳中和研究院，邮政编码：221008。E-mail：shxsang@cumt.edu.cn
基金资助:
江苏省创新支撑计划国际科技合作“一带一路”创新合作项目“非常规天然气资源潜力与勘探开发技术模式的合作研究”(BZ2022015);国家自然科学基金项目“煤系气高效勘探开发的岩石力学地层理论方法体系研究”(42030810);中国矿业大学研究生创新计划“基于岩石力学地层理论的煤系气共采储层改造机理研究”(2024WLKXJ008)

Pore development characteristics and accumulation potential of coal measure gas reservoirs: A case study of Tansen area in Lesser Himalayan orogenic belt, Nepal

SANG Shuxun¹^,²(), HE Junjie¹^,²(), HAN Sijie³^,⁴, KHADKA Kumar¹^,²^,⁶, ZHOU Xiaozhi¹^,², LIU Shiqi¹^,², UPENDRA Baral⁵, SAUNAK Bhandari⁶

1. School of Resources and Earth Science, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
2. Key Laboratory of Coal Methane Resources and Reservoir Formation Process of the Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China
3. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China
4. Carbon Neutrality Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China
5. Nepal Acaderny of Science and Technology, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
6. Department of Mines and Geology, Nepal, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal

Received:2024-10-03 Online:2025-10-24 Published:2025-12-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

煤系气是非常规天然气的重要类型，其成储、成藏是构造沉积作用耦合配置下的结果，尼泊尔低喜马拉雅造山带是研究复杂构造区煤系气储层发育与富集规律的重点区域。以尼泊尔低喜马拉雅造山带Tansen地区Gondwana群和Surkhet群煤系气储层为研究对象，分析了冈瓦纳及前陆盆地煤系气储层类型与组合特征，不同煤系气储层微观孔裂隙形貌发育与孔隙结构特征，探讨了逆冲推覆作用下煤系气储层孔裂隙演化过程与优势孔裂隙形成机制，最后，初步预测了煤系气潜在有利储层、有利区与资源潜力。研究结果表明：① 尼泊尔低喜马拉雅造山带煤系气储层组合类型主要包括“源储一体型”的煤层-页岩气型、“下生上储型”的煤层-致密砂岩气型和页岩-致密砂岩气型以及“源储紧邻型”的煤层-页岩-致密砂岩气型；② 页岩矿物相关的中孔与有机质微孔发育，孔容占总孔容64.6%，比表面积占总比表面积98.1%，煤层主要发育微孔，总比表面积达8.22 m²/g，致密砂岩以粒间孔和微裂隙为主，渗透性在各类储层中最高；③ 页岩孔裂隙具有破坏和新生双重效应，逆冲推覆作用下不同岩性煤系气储层孔裂隙系统演化各异，煤层主要发生构造揉皱作用并发育更多微孔，致密砂岩则主要表现为构造裂隙的形成与扩展；④ Tansen地区东南部Jhadewa矿区是煤系气潜在有利区，Surkhet群Bhainskati组煤层-页岩组合是煤系气优势储层类型，初步估算该地区煤系气资源量达5.04×10⁸ m³。研究旨在初步查明尼泊尔低喜马拉雅造山带煤系气潜在有利储层与有利区，为尼泊尔油气资源评价与勘探研究提供方向。

关键词: 尼泊尔, 低喜马拉雅造山带, 煤系气储层, 组合类型, 孔隙-裂隙, 成储成藏潜力

Abstract:

Coal measure gas is an important type of unconventional natural gas, and its formation and accumulation are the result of the coupling configuration of tectonic sedimentation. The Lesser Himalayan orogenic belt in Nepal is a key area for studying the development and enrichment patterns of coal measure gas reservoirs in complex structural areas. In this study, the coal measure gas reservoirs of the Gondwana Group and Surkhet Group in the Tansen area of the Lesser Himalayan orogenic belt in Nepal were taken as the research objects. The types and combination characteristics of coal measure gas reservoirs in Gondwana and foreland basins were analyzed. The development of microscopic pore-fracture system morphology and pore structure characteristics of different coal measure gas reservoirs were analyzed. The evolution process of pore-fracture systems and the formation mechanisms of dominant pore-fracture systems in coal measure gas reservoirs under the action of thrust nappe were discussed. Finally, potential favorable reservoirs, favorable areas, and resource potential of coal measure gas were preliminarily predicted. The results showed that: (1) The combination types of coal measure gas reservoirs in the Lesser Himalayan orogenic belt of Nepal mainly included the “source-reservoir integration” type of coal-shale gas, the “lower source-upper reservoir” type of coal-tight sandstone gas and shale gas-tight sandstone gas, and the “source-reservoir adjacent” type of coal-shale gas-tight sandstone gas. (2) The mesopores and organic matter micropores related to shale minerals were well developed, accounting for 64.6% of total pore volume and 98.1% of total specific surface area. The coal seam mainly developed micropores, and the total specific surface area reached 8.22 m²/g. In tight sandstones, intergranular pores and microfractures were predominant, demonstrating the highest permeability among all types of reservoirs. (3) The shale pore-fracture system had the dual effects of destruction and regeneration. The evolution of pore-fracture system in coal measure gas reservoirs with different lithologies varied under the action of thrust nappe. The coal seam mainly experienced cataclastic deformation, resulting in the development of more micropores, while the tight sandstones were mainly characterized by the formation and propagation of structural fractures. (4) The coal-shale combination of the Bhainskati Formation of the Surkhet Group in the Tansen area was the dominant coal measure gas reservoir type. The Jhadewa mining area in the southeast of Tansen area was a potential favorable area for coal measure gas. It was preliminarily estimated that the coal measure gas resources in this area reached 5.04×10⁸ m³. This study preliminarily identifies the potential favorable reservoirs and favorable areas of coal measure gas in the Lesser Himalayan orogenic belt of Nepal, providing direction for the evaluation and exploration of oil and gas resources in Nepal.

Key words: Nepal, Lesser Himalayan orogenic belt, coal measure gas reservoir, combination types, pore-fracture system, reservoir formation and accumulation potential

中图分类号:

TE37

桑树勋,何俊杰,韩思杰, 等. 煤系气储层孔隙发育特征与成藏潜力——以尼泊尔低喜马拉雅造山带Tansen地区为例[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2025, 15(6): 947-958.

SANG Shuxun,HE Junjie,HAN Sijie, et al. Pore development characteristics and accumulation potential of coal measure gas reservoirs: A case study of Tansen area in Lesser Himalayan orogenic belt, Nepal[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2025, 15(6): 947-958.

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样品	高压压汞			低温N₂吸附			低压CO₂吸附
样品	孔容/（cm³/g）	比表面积/（m²/g）	平均孔径/nm	孔容/(cm³/g）	比表面积/(m²/g)	平均孔径/nm	微孔孔容/（cm³/g）	微孔比表面积/（m²/g）	微孔平均孔径/nm
Y1	0.012	1.196	40.60	9.27×10^-2	7.78	47.67	7.49×10^-3	21.70	1.38
Y2	0.035	7.424	19.20	10.60×10^-2	11.98	35.73	7.57×10^-3	24.50	1.41
Y3	0.035	9.790	14.30	39.90×10^-2	31.21	51.09	12.95×10^-3	46.81	1.11
Y4	0.008	1.038	31.80	13.30×10^-2	6.94	76.90	5.83×10^-3	16.60	1.40

煤系气储层孔隙发育特征与成藏潜力——以尼泊尔低喜马拉雅造山带Tansen地区为例

Pore development characteristics and accumulation potential of coal measure gas reservoirs: A case study of Tansen area in Lesser Himalayan orogenic belt, Nepal

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