新疆富油煤地面与原位低碳开发利用技术现状及发展方向

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.06.002

油气藏评价与开发 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (6): 959-971.doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.06.002

新疆富油煤地面与原位低碳开发利用技术现状及发展方向

韦波¹(), 杨曙光², 李鑫¹^,³(), 唐助云², 张娜⁴, 王博⁴, 赵琛⁴, 李锦如¹, 赵正威², 冯烁¹, 贾超¹

1.新疆大学新疆中亚造山带大陆动力学与成矿预测自治区重点实验室，新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐 830047
2.新疆维吾尔自治区地质局，新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐 830000
3.怀柔实验室新疆研究院，新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐 830000
4.新疆亚新煤层气投资开发（集团）有限责任公司，新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐 830009

收稿日期:2024-09-18 发布日期:2025-10-24 出版日期:2025-12-26
通讯作者: 李鑫（1990—），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，从事煤田地质相关研究。地址：新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区华瑞街777号，邮政编码：830047。E-mail： lixinwaxj@xju.edu.cn
作者简介:韦波（1969—），男，博士，教授级高级工程师，从事煤炭与煤层气勘探开发研究与管理工作。地址：新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市高新区四平路266号，邮政编码：830047。E-mail： weibo_156@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划“新疆地区中低煤阶煤层气富集机理研究与先导示范”(2024B03002);国家自然科学基金项目“近直立含矸煤储层CO2前置增能压裂裂缝扩展机理与界面效应”(42462021);新疆维吾尔自治区科技重大专项“新疆难开采煤炭煤层气资源高效开发技术”(2022A03015-2);新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才计划资助项目“新疆深部煤层气成藏地质规律及资源有利区评价”(2023TSYCLJ0005)

Current status and development directions of surface and in-situ low-carbon development and utilization technologies for oil-rich coal in Xinjiang

WEI Bo¹(), YANG Shuguang², LI Xin¹^,³(), TANG Zhuyun², ZHANG Na⁴, WANG Bo⁴, ZHAO Chen⁴, LI Jinru¹, ZHAO Zhengwei², FENG Shuo¹, JIA Chao¹

1. Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Geodynamic Processes and Metallogenic Prognosis of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830047, China
2. Geological Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
3. Xinjiang Research Institute of Huairou Laboratory, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
4. Xinjiang Asian New Coalbed Methane Investment and Development Group Co. Ltd. , Urumqi, Xinjiang 830009, China

Received:2024-09-18 Online:2025-10-24 Published:2025-12-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新疆富油煤资源禀赋优势显著，其高效清洁开发利用有助于保障油气资源供给，促进深部煤炭资源有效利用，改善传统煤炭燃烧带来的环境问题。目前，新疆在富油煤资源赋存特征、分布规律及浅部开发利用等方面取得一定突破，但在深部富油煤原位转化及多能源协同开发等关键技术攻关方面仍存在瓶颈。研究从新疆富油煤地质资源量、煤基油气资源量、地面开发利用技术、地下原位热解-气化开发技术、附产CO₂地质利用封存、多能互补协同开发及国家级示范区建设等角度出发，剖析了新疆富油煤开发利用产业现状，并提出了发展建议。研究结果包括：①新疆富油煤资源主要富集于东部三塘湖盆地、巴里坤盆地和吐哈盆地，利用地质块段法、体积法和丰度法，初步预测新疆东部侏罗系1 000 m以浅富油煤资源量556.6×10⁸ t、煤中焦油资源量65.9×10⁸ t；②新疆富油煤地面气化热解提质与煤基化学品制备技术较成熟，已实现以富油煤为原料生产洁净煤、以煤焦油为原料生产煤基氢化油等油品、以净化后煤气为原料生产甲醇和乙二醇等；③提出了富油煤原位热解-气化一体化开发技术体系，包括地质选址评价技术、原位炉体构建技术、煤层原位加热技术和强化抽采技术；④构建了富油煤煤化工-新能源多能互补协同开发技术路径，主要是利用新能源制氢，为富油煤热解加氢制备化工产品提供氢原料、为富油煤热解-气化炉加热提供热能、为富油煤热解提质炼焦提供氢原料；⑤建议新疆建设富油煤开发利用国家级示范区，包括富油煤地面煤化工产业示范区、深部富油煤原位热解气化煤基油气产业示范区、富油煤化工附产CO₂地质利用产业示范区、深部富油煤原位热解半焦CO₂封存示范区及“富油煤-新能源”多能互补协同开发示范区等，促进新疆富油煤产业高效、可持续发展。

关键词: 富油煤, 煤基油气资源, 原位, 低碳开发利用, 碳封存, 多能互补

Abstract:

Xinjiang has significant advantages in oil-rich coal resources. The efficient and clean utilization of these resources can ensure the supply of oil and gas resources, promote the effective utilization of deep coal resources, and mitigate environmental issues caused by traditional coal combustion. Currently, Xinjiang has achieved certain breakthroughs in understanding the occurrence characteristics, distribution patterns, and shallow development and utilization of oil-rich coal resources. However, bottlenecks remain in key technologies such as the in-situ conversion of deep oil-rich coal and multi-energy collaborative development. This study analyzed the resource of oil-rich coal in Xinjiang and the current status of its development and utilization industry from the perspectives of the geological resource quantity of oil-rich coal, the resource quantity of coal-based oil and gas, the techniques for surface chemical development and utilization, the techniques for underground in-situ pyrolysis and gasification development, geological utilization and storage of by-product CO₂, integrated development of multiple energy sources, and the construction of national-level demonstration zones. Additionally, it proposed suggestions for industrial development. The results showed that: (1) Oil-rich coal resources in Xinjiang were mainly concentrated in the east, including Sandanghu Basin, Balikun Basin, and Tuha Basin. Using the geological block method, volumetric method, and abundance method, it was preliminarily predicted that the oil-rich coal resource quantity in the Jurassic strata within 1 000 meters in eastern Xinjiang was 556.6×10⁸ t, and the coal tar resource was 65.9×10⁸ t. (2) The technologies of surface gasification and pyrolysis upgrading of oil-rich coal and preparation of coal-based chemicals in Xinjiang were relatively mature, having realized the production of clean coal using oil-rich coal as raw material, the production of coal-based hydrogenated oil using coal tar as raw material, and the production of methanol and ethylene glycol using purified coal gas as raw material. (3) An integrated in-situ pyrolysis and gasification development technology system for oil-rich coal was proposed, including the evaluation technology for geological site selection, in-situ furnace construction technology, in-situ coal seam heating technology, and enhanced extraction technology. (4) A technological pathway for the coordinated development of oil-rich coal chemical industry and new energy through multi-energy complementarity was developed. It mainly included using new energy to produce hydrogen, which serves as a raw material for the pyrolysis and hydrogenation of oil-rich coal to prepare chemical products and oil products, provide thermal energy for the pyrolysis and gasification furnace of oil-rich coal, and supply hydrogen as a raw material for pyrolysis upgrading and coking of oil-rich coal. (5) It is recommended that Xinjiang establishes national-level demonstration zones for the development and utilization of oil-rich coal, including a demonstration zone for the surface pyrolysis and gasification of oil-rich coal for the coal chemical industry, an in-situ pyrolysis and gasification demonstration zone for oil and gas industries based on deep oil-rich coal, a geological utilization demonstration zone for by-product CO₂ from oil-rich coal chemical processes, a demonstration zone for CO₂ storage of semi-coke from in-situ pyrolysis of deep oil-rich coal, and a multi-energy complementary coordinated development demonstration zone for “oil-rich coal and new energy”, promoting the efficient and sustainable development of Xinjiang’s oil-rich coal industry.

Key words: oil-rich coal, coal-based oil and gas resources, in-situ, low-carbon development and utilization, carbon storage, multi-energy complementarity

中图分类号:

TE349

韦波,杨曙光,李鑫, 等. 新疆富油煤地面与原位低碳开发利用技术现状及发展方向[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2025, 15(6): 959-971.

WEI Bo,YANG Shuguang,LI Xin, et al. Current status and development directions of surface and in-situ low-carbon development and utilization technologies for oil-rich coal in Xinjiang[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2025, 15(6): 959-971.

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地区	煤炭资源估算量/10⁸ t	可采煤层数/层	平均焦油产率/%	焦油资源估算量/10⁸ t	类型
汉水泉勘查区	3 01.7	9	13.67	41.25	高油煤
库木苏勘查区	59.48	6	13.49	8.02	高油煤
条湖勘查区	79.68	6	8.30	6.61	富油煤
石头梅勘查区	33.75	1	7.08	2.39	含油煤
英格库勒勘查区	11.59	2	10.79	1.25	富油煤
白石湖勘查区	16.59	4	11.39	1.89	富油煤
黑眼泉勘查区	1.26	1	8.56	0.11	富油煤
别斯库都克勘查区	2.36	2	10.70	0.25	富油煤
吉郎德勘查区	2.25	8	9.22	0.21	富油煤
大南湖勘查区	47.94	7	8.26	3.96	富油煤

大类	亚类	分类评价级别
大类	亚类	Ⅰ类(优)		Ⅱ类(良)		Ⅲ类(中)		Ⅳ类(劣)
煤岩煤质条件	煤种	褐煤	长焰煤	瘦煤	气煤	肥煤	贫煤	无烟煤		焦煤
	水分/%	[0，15]		（15，35]		（35，55]		>55
	灰分质量分数/%	[0，10]		（10~20]		（20，50]		>50
	挥发分质量分数/%	>37		[20,37]		[10，20）		<10
	硫分/%	[0，1.00]		（1.00，3.00]		（3.00，4]		>4
煤层赋存条件	煤层厚度/m	5		（5，15]		[2，5)		>15	<2
	煤层倾角/（°）	35		[12，35）		（35，70]		<12	>70
	煤层埋深/m	[500，1 000）		[100，500）		[1 000，2 000]		<100	>2 000
	夹矸系数/%	<20		[20，30）		[30，60]		>60
	夹矸层数	0		1		2		>2
	煤厚变异系数/%	≥95		[85，95）		（75，85）		75
围岩条件	顶板岩性	石灰岩	泥岩	砂质泥岩	粉砂岩	细砂岩	中砂岩	粗砂岩		砾岩
围岩条件	底板岩性	石灰岩	泥岩	砂质泥岩	粉砂岩	细砂岩	中砂岩	粗砂岩		砾岩
封闭条件	距断层距离/km	<0.5		[0.5，1）		[1，1.5）		≥1.5
封闭条件	距矿井距离/km	≥5		（3.2，5）		（1.6，3.2]		≤1.6
水文地质条件	相对涌水量/（m³/t）	<1		[1，2）		[2,5]		>5
水文地质条件	距顶板含水层距离/m	>100		[50，100]		[30，50）		<30
环境条件	氟/（μg/g）	≤100		（100，200]		（200，400]		>400
	砷/（μg/g）	≤4		（4，25]		（25，80]		>80
	氯/（μg/g）	≤0.05		（0.05，0.15]		（0.15，0.30]		>0.30
	磷/（μg/g）	≤0.01		（0.01，0.05]		（0.05，0.10]		>0.10

加热方式	基本原理	典型技术	技术阶段	加热载体	主要优点	主要缺点
传导加热	利用电阻或导电介质直接加热，通过热量传导加热岩层	ICP技术	先导试验	电加热器	加热方式灵活，设备相对简单，易于控制	热量传递慢，加热时间长，地下水对加热干扰大
		Electrofrac技术	先导试验	石油焦
		GFC技术	实验室	燃料电池
		HVF技术	实验室	电阻
对流加热	向岩层中注入高温载热气体，通过高温气体对岩层进行加热	MTI技术	大件试验	水蒸气	加热效率高，油气易产出，载热气体可循环使用	热量输送过程损失大，注热对井口和井身要求高
		CRUSH技术	试验计划	CO₂
		CCR技术	试验计划	烃类蒸汽
		Petro-Probe技术	实验室	空气
化学加热	通过有机质的原位氧化或燃烧放热对岩层进行加热	原位燃烧技术	先导试验	N₂	加热速度快，能量利用率高	控制工艺复杂
化学加热	通过有机质的原位氧化或燃烧放热对岩层进行加热	局部化学法技术	先导试验	N₂	加热速度快，能量利用率高	控制工艺复杂
辐射加热	利用高频电磁波辐射基础上的交变电场作用使岩层自身发热	RF/CF技术	实验室	高频电磁波	加热范围可选择，能量利用率高	技术成熟度低，能量传递范围有限
		LLNL技术	实验室	高频电磁波
		微波技术	试验计划	微波

新疆富油煤地面与原位低碳开发利用技术现状及发展方向

Current status and development directions of surface and in-situ low-carbon development and utilization technologies for oil-rich coal in Xinjiang

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