高邮凹陷阜宁组一段深层异常高孔成因类型及演化模式

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024318

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

古近系阜宁组一段（以下简称阜一段）是苏北盆地高邮凹陷油气富集层系之一，深部储层勘探潜力较大，但储层物性整体较差，制约了该领域的勘探拓展。为了明确局部异常高孔发育、储集条件良好的“甜点”储层展布规律和有利区带，有必要系统开展高邮凹陷阜一段深层异常高孔成因类型及储层演化模式研究。研究利用储层物性分析、薄片观察、电镜扫描、阴极发光等手段，并通过剥去盐城组地层厚度及划分构造单元等方法来开展阜一段深层储层物性分析，认为不同区带阜一段异常高孔分布特征存在明显差异，其中，斜坡带发育双异常高孔段，而断阶带仅发育单一异常高孔段，并明确了异常高孔发育区带。针对不同区带异常高孔的差异成因控制因素进行分析，明确了油气伴生、异常高压是控制异常高孔发育成因的关键因素，其中，油气伴生有助于促进溶蚀、抑制胶结等成岩作用，是斜坡带中坡及断阶带地区异常高孔发育的关键控制因素；地层异常高压有利于促进油气伴生，并起到促进溶蚀、抑制胶结、减缓压实等成岩作用，是斜坡带内坡地区异常高孔发育的关键控制因素。根据关键因素差异及地层压力区带分布，将阜一段异常高孔分为油气伴生型和异常高压型两种成因类型，其中，油气伴生型主要分布在埋藏相对较浅、局部处在深部储层的斜坡带中坡及断阶带等地区，而异常高压型主要处在斜坡带内坡地区，是深层储层的主要类型。同时，建立了阜一段深层两类异常高孔演化模式，其中斜坡带中坡、断阶带主要为油气伴生溶孔保孔模式，而斜坡带内坡为油气伴生与异常高压叠合溶孔保孔模式。在此基础上，指出了斜坡带内坡等深部储层构造高带与地层异常高压叠合区内的有效圈闭是“甜点”储层发育的有利位置，为拓展深部储层提供了依据。

关键词: 苏北盆地, 高邮凹陷, 阜宁组一段, 致密砂岩, 深部储层, 异常高孔, 成因类型, 孔隙演化模式

Abstract:

The first member of the Paleogene Funing Formation (hereinafter referred to as E₁f₁) is one of the oil-rich and gas-rich strata in Gaoyou Sag, Subei Basin. It has considerable exploration potential in deep reservoirs, but the overall poor reservoir physical properties have constrained the exploration expansion in this area. To determine the distribution patterns and favorable zones of local "sweet spot" reservoirs with well-developed abnormally high porosity and favorable reservoir conditions, it is necessary to systematically study the genetic types and reservoir evolution models of abnormally high porosity in deep E₁f₁ of Gaoyou Sag. Using reservoir physical property analysis, thin section observation, scanning electron microscopy, and cathodoluminescence, along with stripping the thickness of the Yancheng Formation and dividing tectonic units, this study conducted the physical property analysis of deep reservoirs in E₁f₁. Significant differences were observed in the distribution characteristics of abnormally high porosity among different zones. Specifically, the slope zone developed two abnormally high-porosity intervals, while the fault-step zone developed only one abnormally high-porosity interval. Additionally, the abnormally high-porosity development zones were identified. By analyzing differential genetic controlling factors of abnormally high porosity in different zones, it was determined that oil and gas charging and abnormally high pressure were the two key factors controlling the development zones and genetic types of abnormally high porosity. Oil and gas charging contributed to promoting dissolution and inhibiting cementation, serving as a key controlling factor for the development of abnormally high porosity in the middle slope and fault-step zones. In contrast, abnormally high formation pressure facilitated oil and gas charging, and contributed to diagenetic processes such as promoting dissolution, inhibiting cementation, and slowing compaction, functioning as a key controlling factor for the development of abnormally high porosity in the inner slope zone. Based on differences in key factors and the distribution of formation pressure zones, abnormally high porosity in E₁f₁ was classified into two genetic types: oil and gas charging type and abnormally high pressure type. The oil and gas charging type was mainly distributed in the middle slope and fault-step zones, characterized by relatively shallow burial depths and local occurrence in deep field. The abnormally high-pressure type was mainly located in the inner slope zone, representing the main type in deep field. Two evolution models for abnormally high porosity in deep E₁f₁ were established. Specifically, the middle slope and fault-step zones were mainly characterized by oil and gas charging and pore-preserving dissolution model, while the inner slope zone was characterized by oil and gas charging and abnormally high pressure for pore-preserving superposition dissolution model. On this basis, it is indicated that effective traps in structural high zones overlapping with abnormally high pressure areas of formations in the inner slope and other deep field are favorable locations for the development of “sweet spot” reservoirs, providing a basis for expanding exploration in deep field.

Key words: Subei Basin, Gaoyou Sag, first member of Funing Formation, tight sandstone, deep reservoirs, abnormally high porosity, genetic types, pore evolution models

中图分类号:

TE132

李储华. 高邮凹陷阜宁组一段深层异常高孔成因类型及演化模式[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026, 16(1): 162-173.

LI Chuhua. Genetic types and evolution models of abnormally high porosity in deep field of first member of Funing Formation, Gaoyou Sag, Subei Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026, 16(1): 162-173.

图/表 13

图1

图2

图3

表1

图4

图5

表2

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

参考文献 34

[1]	何治亮, 马永生, 朱东亚, 等. 深层-超深层碳酸盐岩储层理论技术进展与攻关方向[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(3): 533-546.
	HE Zhiliang, MA Yongsheng, ZHU Dongya, et al. Theoretical and technological progress and research direction of deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(3): 533-546.
[2]	段宏亮, 孙雅雄, 杨保良. 苏北盆地高邮凹陷古近系阜宁组二段页岩油富集主控因素[J]. 石油实验地质, 2024, 46(3): 441-450.
	DUAN Hongliang, SUN Yaxiong, YANG Baoliang. Main controlling factors of shale oil enrichment in second member of Paleogene Funing Formation in Gaoyou Sag of Subei Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2024, 46(3): 441-450.
[3]	毛凤鸣, 戴靖. 复杂小断块石油勘探开发技术[M]. 北京: 中国石化出版社, 2005.
	MAO Fengming, DAI Jing. Oil exploration and development technology of complex small fault block[M]. Beijing: China Petrochemical Press, 2005.
[4]	严泽宇, 梁兵, 孙雅雄, 等. 苏北盆地高邮凹陷阜宁组二段深层页岩储层地应力方向及主控因素[J]. 石油实验地质, 2024, 46(6): 1187-1197.
	YAN Zeyu, LIANG Bing, SUN Yaxiong, et al. In-situ stress orientation and main controlling factors of deep shale reservoirs in the second member of Paleogene Funing Formation in Gaoyou Sag, Subei Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2024, 46(6): 1187-1197.
[5]	夏祥, 马晓东, 胡文瑄, 等. 苏北盆地溱潼凹陷沙垛1井侵入岩岩石学特征及其储集性与含油性研究[J]. 石油实验地质, 2024, 46(1): 87-97.
	XIA Xiang, MA Xiaodong, HU Wenxuan, et al. Petrological characteristics, reservoir property and oil-bearing potential of intrusive rocks in well Shaduo 1, Qintong Sag, Subei Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2024, 46(1): 87-97.
[6]	施振飞, 张振城, 叶绍东, 等. 苏北盆地高邮凹陷阜宁组储层次生孔隙成因机制探讨[J]. 沉积学报, 2005, 23(3): 429-436.
	SHI Zhenfei, ZHANG Zhencheng, YE Shaodong, et al. The mechanism of secondary pores in the reservoir of Funing Formation in Gaoyou depression of Subei Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2005, 23(3): 429-436.
[7]	戴祉平, 陈勇, 于雯泉. 高邮凹陷阜宁组一段储层成岩环境演化的流体包裹体证据[J]. 山东科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 32(5): 53-60.
	DAI Zhiping, CHEN Yong, YU Wenquan. Evolution of diagenesis environment of the 1st member Funing Formation in Gaoyou Sag: Evidence from fluid inclusions[J]. Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science), 2013, 32(5): 53-60.
[8]	纪友亮, 高崇龙, 刘玉瑞, 等. 高邮凹陷阜一段油气充注对储层物性演化的影响[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 43(1): 133-139.
	JI Youliang, GAO Chonglong, LIU Yurui, et al. Influence of hydrocarbon charging to the reservoir property in 1^st member of Funning Formation in Gaoyou Depression[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2015, 43(1): 133-139.
[9]	纪友亮, 王艳艳, 刘玉瑞, 等. 高邮凹陷阜一段差异成岩作用及成因[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 42(3): 474-479.
	JI Youliang, WANG Yanyan, LIU Yurui, et al. Differential diagenesis and its genetic analysis of 1^st member of Funning Formation in Gaoyou Depression[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2014, 42(3): 474-479.
[10]	陆梅娟, 于雯泉, 王路, 等. 高邮凹陷阜一段含油砂岩成岩作用特征[J]. 复杂油气藏, 2013, 6(4): 11-15.
	LU Meijuan, YU Wenquan, WANG Lu, et al. Diagenetic character of oil-bearing sandstone in the first member of Funing Formation in Gaoyou Sag[J]. Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs, 2013, 6(4): 11-15.
[11]	于雯泉. 致密砂岩储层成因类型分析: 以苏北盆地高邮凹陷阜一段为例[J]. 复杂油气藏, 2018, 11(4): 1-6.
	YU Wenquan. Analysis of genetic type of tight sandstone reservoirs: A case study of the first member of Funing Formation in Gaoyou Sag[J]. Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs, 2018, 11(4): 1-6.
[12]	于雯泉. 致密砂岩储层成因类型与致密化过程差异性: 以高邮凹陷阜一段为例[J]. 沉积学报, 2023, 41(4): 1271-1280.
	YU Wenquan. Genetic type analysis of tight sandstone reservoirs: A case study of the first member of the Funing Formation in Gaoyou Sag, China[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2023, 41(4): 1271-1280.
[13]	于雯泉, 陈勇, 杨立干, 等. 酸性环境致密砂岩储层石英的溶蚀作用[J]. 石油学报, 2014, 35(2): 286-293.
	YU Wenquan, CHEN Yong, YANG Ligan, et al. Dissolution of quartz in tight sandstone reservoirs in an acidic environment[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2014, 35(2): 286-293.
[14]	尹开贵, 陈刚, 钱恪然, 等. 高邮凹陷阜一段一、二亚段沉积相及有利砂体分布[J]. 复杂油气藏, 2009, 2(3): 20-24.
	YIN Kaigui, CHEN Gang, QIAN Keran, et al. Sedimentary facies and sandbody distribution of the 1st and 2nd sub-members in first member of Funing Formation in Gaoyou Sag[J]. Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs, 2009, 2(3): 20-24.
[15]	能源, 杨桥, 张克鑫, 等. 苏北盆地高邮凹陷晚白垩世—新生代构造沉降史分析与构造演化[J]. 沉积与特提斯地质, 2009, 29(2): 25-32.
	NENG Yuan, YANG Qiao, ZHANG Kexin, et al. Tectonic subsidence and evolution of the Gaoyou depression in northern Jiangsu Basin during the Late Cretaceous to the Cenozoic[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 2009, 29(2): 25-32.
[16]	刘东鹰. 苏北-南黄海盆地的构造演化分析[J]. 石油天然气学报, 2010, 32(6): 27-31, 527.
	LIU Dongying. Analysis on structural evolution of northern Jiangsu-south Yellow Sea Basin[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 2010, 32(6): 27-31, 527.
[17]	薛一帆, 文志刚, 黄亚浩, 等. 深层—超深层走滑断裂带储层流体来源与油气成藏过程研究: 以塔里木盆地富满油田为例[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2024, 14(4): 549-559.
	XUE Yifan, WEN Zhigang, HUANG Yahao, et al. Study on reservoir fluid source and hydrocarbon accumulation process in deep to ultra-deep strike-slip fault zone: A case study of Fuman Oilfield, Tarim Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2024, 14(4): 549-559.
[18]	傅强, 陈海洲. 苏北盆地高邮凹陷古近系阜宁组储层成岩相特征[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 35(3): 225-231.
	FU Qiang, CHEN Haizhou. Reservoir diagenetic facies characteristics of Paleogene Funing Formation in the Gaoyou sag of Subei Basin, China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 2008, 35(3): 225-231.
[19]	熊亮, 庞河清, 赵勇, 等. 威荣深层页岩气储层微观孔隙结构表征及分类评价[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2021, 11(2): 20-29.
	XIONG Liang, PANG Heqing, ZHAO Yong, et al. Micropore structure characterization and classification evaluation of reservoirs in Weirong Deep Shale Gas Field[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2021, 11(2): 20-29.
[20]	孙雅雄, 朱相羽, 邱旭明,等. 苏北盆地高邮凹陷阜宁组二段页岩裂缝特征分析[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2024, 14(3): 414-424.
	SUN Yaxiong, ZHU Xiangyu, QIU Xuming, et al. Characteristics of shale fractures in the second member of Funing Formation in Gaoyou Sag of Subei Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2024, 14(3): 414-424.
[21]	李储华, 于雯泉, 丁建荣. 加权断层泥比率法(WSGR)定量判别断层封闭性: 以苏北盆地高邮凹陷永安地区为例[J]. 石油实验地质, 2024, 46(1): 158-165.
	LI Chuhua, YU Wenquan, DING Jianrong. Quantitative evaluation of fault sealing by weighted shale gouge ratio(WSGR): A case study of Yongan area in Gaoyou Sag, Subei Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2024, 46(1): 158-165.
[22]	李昂, 吴柠羽, 张丽艳, 等. 页岩储层不同尺度断裂识别方法[J]. 新疆石油天然气, 2024, 20(3): 30-36.
	LI Ang, WU Ningyu, ZHANG Liyan, et al. Faults at various scales identification techniques in shale reservoirs[J]. Xinjiang Oil & Gas, 2024, 20(3): 30-36.
[23]	李超, 罗涛, 黄亚浩, 等. 苏北盆地高邮凹陷花页1井古近系阜宁组裂缝脉体流体演化及其对页岩油充注过程的指示意义[J]. 石油实验地质, 2024, 46(2): 228-237.
	LI Chao, LUO Tao, HUANG Yahao, et al. Fluid evolution of fracture veins of Paleogene Funing Formation in well HY1 in Subei Basin and implications for shale oil filling[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2024, 46(2): 228-237.
[24]	严焕榕, 詹泽东, 李亚晶, 等. 致密砂岩气藏高产富集规律研究: 以川西坳陷新场: 合兴场须家河组二段气藏为例[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2024, 14(4): 541-548.
	YAN Huanrong, ZHAN Zedong, LI Yajing, et al. High yield enrichment law for tight sandstone gas reservoir: A case study of the second member of Xujiahe Formation gas reservoir in Xinchang-Hexinchang gas field of western Sichuan Depression[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2024, 14(4): 541-548.
[25]	李锦锋, 杨连如, 张凤博, 等. 下寺湾油田延长组长8段致密油富集主控因素及“甜点”模式[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2019, 9(6): 1-9.
	LI Jinfeng, YANG Lianru, ZHANG Fengbo, et al. Main controlling factors of enrichment and sweet spot mode of tight sandstone oil reservoir in Chang-8 Member of Yanchang Formation in Xiasiwan Oilfield[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2019, 9(6): 1-9.
[26]	王占国. 异常高压对储层物性的影响[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2005, 12(6): 31-33.
	WANG Zhanguo. Influence of abnormal high pressure on physical properties of reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2005, 12(6): 31-33.
[27]	代金友, 张一伟, 熊琦华, 等. 成岩作用对储集层物性贡献比率研究[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2003, 30(4): 54-55.
	DAI Jinyou, ZHANG Yiwei, XIONG Qihua, et al. Effects of diagenesis on reservoir property and quality, a case study of the Cainan Oilfield in east of Zhun Ga'er Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2003, 30(4): 54-55.
[28]	杨博伟, 石万忠, 张晓明, 等. 黔南地区下石炭统打屋坝组页岩气储层孔隙结构特征及含气性评价[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2024, 36(1): 45-58.
	YANG Bowei, SHI Wanzhong, ZHANG Xiaoming, et al. Pore structure characteristics and gas-bearing properties of shale gas reservoirs of Lower Carboniferous Dawuba Formation in southern Guizhou[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(1): 45-58.
[29]	王小娟, 陈双玲, 谢继容, 等. 川西南地区侏罗系沙溪庙组致密砂岩成藏特征及主控因素[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2024, 36(1): 78-87.
	WANG Xiaojuan, CHEN Shuangling, XIE Jirong, et al. Accumulation characteristics and main controlling factors of tight sandstone of Jurassic Shaximiao Formation in southwestern Sichuan Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(1): 78-87.
[30]	代金友, 李建霆, 赵晨晖, 等. 长岭气田登娄库组致密砂岩储层特征及孔隙演化[J]. 石油地质与工程, 2014, 28(6): 29-32.
	DAI Jinyou, LI Jianting, ZHAO Chenhui, et al. Tight sandstone reservoir characteristics and pore evolution of Denglouku formation in Changling gas field[J]. Petroleum Geology and Engineering, 2014, 28(6): 29-32.
[31]	冯旭, 刘洛夫, 李朝玮, 等. 碎屑岩孔隙演化定量计算方法的改进和应用[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2017, 38(6): 1198-1207.
	FENG Xu, LIU Luofu, LI Chaowei, et al. Improvement and application of quantitative calculation of porosity evolution of clastic rocks[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2017, 38(6): 1198-1207.
[32]	钱诗友, 郑元财, 吴峰, 等. 高邮凹陷北斜坡阜宁组异常高压发育特征[J]. 复杂油气藏, 2018, 11(2): 31-37.
	QIAN Shiyou, ZHENG Yuancai, WU Feng, et al. Development characteristics of abnormal high-pressure in Funing Formation of northern slope in Gaoyou Sag[J]. Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs, 2018, 11(2): 31-37.
[33]	郑元财, 于雯泉. 沙花瓦地区阜一段超压封存箱与油气关系[J]. 复杂油气藏, 2015, 8(1): 11-14.
	ZHENG Yuancai, YU Wenquan. Relationship between overpressure compartment and hydrocarbon in the first member of Funing Formation in Sha-Hua-Wa area[J]. Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs, 2015, 8(1): 11-14.
[34]	吴峰, 钱诗友, 郑元财. 高邮凹陷北斜坡阜宁组异常压力成因机制研究[J]. 复杂油气藏, 2019, 12(3): 23-26.
	WU Feng, QIAN Shiyou, ZHENG Yuancai. Study on forming mechanism of abnormal high-pressure in Funing Formation in northern slope of Gaoyou Sag[J]. Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs, 2019, 12(3): 23-26.

地区	斜坡带				断阶带
地区	韦码地区	沙埝地区	花瓦地区	斜坡带内坡	方巷地区	许庄地区	小纪地区	陈堡地区
埋深/m	800~2 200	1 900~3 400	2 500~3 200	3 000~4 300	2 000~2 400	2 250~2 400	2 600~2 700	1 655~2 700
平均孔隙度/%	16.90	13.80	10.90	2.10	10.66	13.60	9.34	18.86

	原始孔隙度	压实作用	早期胶结作用	交代作用	溶蚀作用	晚期胶结作用
成岩作用后孔隙度/%	37.3	18.8	7.6	8.2	15.4	5.3
平均影响孔隙度/%	无影响	减16.5	减13.2	增0.6	增7.2	减10.1