肯尼亚高温地热钻井技术在中国干热岩资源开发中的应用前景

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2022.06.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了促进中国干热岩资源的开发和利用，以肯尼亚Olkaria地热田为研究对象，对肯尼亚高温地热资源勘探评估、开发和利用的整个过程进行了系统介绍，同时归纳总结了中国石油长城钻探工程有限公司在高温地热资源开发和利用过程中形成的8项钻井关键技术，并列举了详细的工程实例。通过总结、对比肯尼亚地热资源和中国干热岩资源的物理特征以及开发和利用过程中遇到的困难和挑战，梳理了共性和差异性问题，并有针对性地给出了解决方案，提出了以建立干热岩试验基地为核心，研发并验证新技术、打造新设备以及形成新技术规范的攻关方向，指出了以实现干热岩的经济开发、效益开发、规模开发为目标，以加强基础科学研究工作为手段，依靠国家政策的扶持和加强人才培养的研究思路，为中国的干热岩资源经济高效开发提供了理论和实践指导。

关键词: 地热资源, 高温钻井, 空气泡沫钻井, PDC钻头, 干热岩

Abstract:

In order to promote the development and utilization of dry hot rock resources in China, we take Kenya OLKARIA block as an example, and introduce the exploration, evaluation, development and utilization process of high temperature geothermal resources in Kenya in detail. At the same time, eight key drilling technologies formed during the development and utilization of high-temperature geothermal resources of the CNPC Great Wall Drilling Company are summarized and detailed engineering examples are listed. At last, the difficulties and challenges encountered in the development and utilization of Kenya's geothermal resources and China's dry hot rock resources are summarized and compared, the similarities and difference between countries are sorted out, and the solutions are put forward. With the establishment of a test base as the core, and with the developing and verifying new technologies and new equipment and forming new technical standards as the research direction, to point out that with the goal of realizing economical, profitable and large-scale development of dry hot rock, to strength basic scientific research work as a means, by the research idea of relying on the support of national policies and strengthen personnel training as the driving force, to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the efficient and economical development of dry hot rock resources in China.

Key words: geothermal resource, high-temperature drilling, air foam drilling, PDC drilling bit, dry hot rock

中图分类号:

TE249

张召峰. 肯尼亚高温地热钻井技术在中国干热岩资源开发中的应用前景[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2022, 12(6): 833-842.

ZHANG Zhaofeng. Application prospects of Kenya’s high-temperature geothermal resources drilling technology in China’s dry hot rock resources[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2022, 12(6): 833-842.

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地点	项目描述	客户	项目结束时间	完井数
伊朗	空气泡沫钻井	PEDEC和NIDC	2002年	30
肯尼亚	空气泡沫地热井项目	肯尼亚国家电力公司	2008年	15
肯尼亚	空气泡沫地热井项目	肯尼亚国家电力公司	2009年	6
肯尼亚	空气泡沫地热井项目	肯尼亚国家电力公司	2010年	10
肯尼亚	空气泡沫地热井项目	肯尼亚能源部	2012年	26
卢旺达	空气泡沫地热井项目	Mininfra	2014年	2
肯尼亚	空气泡沫地热井项目	肯尼亚国家电力公司	2016年	89

项目序号	肯尼亚地热资源	干热岩
1	地热井水蒸气的最高产出温度为350 ℃，井口返出温度高	干热岩地层温度最高可达650 ℃，地温梯度达到了6.4 ℃/hm
2	该地区地层从地表至目的层均由火山喷发岩组成，整个井眼裂缝非常发育，漏失严重	干热岩资源埋深大、地层条件复杂，局部裂隙发育，容易发生钻井事故，井壁容易产生破裂形成裂缝，严重时会发生坍塌掉块卡钻和憋钻事故
3	该地区主要由坚硬的火山岩组成，几乎无砂泥岩，地层研磨性强，机械钻速非常低	地层为片麻岩或花岗岩，硬度高，研磨性强，可钻性差
4	地层高温和泡沫流体的应用，制约了MWD和有线随钻的使用，现场采用单点定向	干热岩地层温度高，使得油气井钻井工具不再完全满足干热岩钻井的需求，在高温环境下钻头、井下动力工具、随钻测量系统、钻井液的寿命都会受到很大影响。