低渗致密油藏CO2-黏弹性流体协同驱油效果评价及矿场应用

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.04.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

CO₂波及效率与气窜问题，是制约低渗致密储层CO₂驱油效果的关键因素。针对CO₂驱波及效率低、易气窜的技术难题，提出利用黏弹性流体体系（CMS）来改善低渗致密储层CO₂驱油效果，系统研究了CMS油藏条件下的黏弹性、界面活性、可注入性及封堵和驱油性能，探索了CO₂-CMS的协同驱油作用，并开展了矿场试验。实验表明：油藏温度介于30~80 ℃时，质量分数为0.5%的CMS表现出一定的黏弹性，且以弹性为主，随温度升高，流体的黏性和弹性减弱；在油藏温度45 ℃时，CMS黏度为3.27 mPa·s，且弹性较强。此外，CMS能够有效降低油水界面张力至2.68×10^-2mN/m，岩心在CO₂-CMS中浸泡后，水相接触角下降至8.75°，表明亲水性得到增强。CO₂-CMS在低渗致密岩心的注入性良好，且段塞尺度越小，注入效果越佳。在长岩心驱替实验中，采用0.3 PV段塞式CMS驱后再CO₂驱，采收率提高幅度可达27.79%。在双管并联岩心驱替实验中，CMS-CO₂交替驱效果最佳，可有效封堵高渗岩心，启动低渗岩心，采收率提高幅度达26.28%。现场试验井组的数据表明：应用CMS后，整体产液、产油量均有所上升，气窜井产出气中CO₂体积分数显著下降。这一研究成果为低渗致密油藏提升CO₂驱油效果提供了新的技术借鉴和解决方案。

关键词: CO₂驱油, 黏弹性流体, 低界面张力, 低渗致密, 协同, 封堵

Abstract:

CO₂ sweep efficiency and gas channeling are key factors restricting the effectiveness of CO₂ flooding in low-permeability tight reservoirs. To address the technical issues of low sweep efficiency and gas susceptibility to channeling in CO₂ flooding, a viscoelastic fluid system (CMS) was proposed to improve CO₂ flooding in low-permeability tight reservoirs. A systematic study was conducted on the viscoelasticity, interfacial activity, injectivity, plugging performance, and oil displacement performance of CMS under oil reservoir conditions. The synergistic flooding performance of CO₂-CMS was explored, and field trials were carried out. Experimental results demonstrated that at reservoir temperatures ranging from 30-80 ℃, CMS with a mass fraction of 0.5% showed certain viscoelasticity, with elasticity as the dominant characteristic, and both viscosity and elasticity decreased as temperature increased. At an oil reservoir temperature of 45 ℃, the viscosity of CMS was 3.27 mPa·s, and it exhibited strong elasticity. Furthermore, CMS could effectively reduce the oil-water interfacial tension to 2.68×10^-2 mN/m. After core samples were immersed in the CO₂-CMS system, the water-phase contact angle decreased to 8.75°, indicating enhanced hydrophilicity. The CO₂-CMS system demonstrated good injectability in low-permeability tight cores, with smaller slug sizes yielding better injection performance. In long-core displacement experiments, using a 0.3 PV slug of CMS followed by CO₂ flooding increased the recovery rate by up to 27.79%. In double-tube parallel core displacement experiments, alternating CMS and CO₂ proved most effective, as it successfully sealed the high-permeability cores and mobilized low-permeability cores, resulting in a 26.28% increase in recovery. Field trial data from well groups indicated that after applying CMS, the overall liquid and oil production increased, and the CO₂ volume fraction in gas-channeling wells significantly decreased. This research provides new technical insights and practical solutions for improving the efficiency of CO₂ flooding in low-permeability tight reservoirs.

Key words: CO₂ flooding, viscoelastic fluid, low interfacial tension, low-permeability tight reservoir, synergy, plugging

中图分类号:

TE357

汤瑞佳,陈龙龙,谢旭强, 等. 低渗致密油藏CO₂-黏弹性流体协同驱油效果评价及矿场应用[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2025, 15(4): 672-678.

TANG Ruijia,CHEN Longlong,XIE Xuqiang, et al. Effectiveness evaluation and field application of CO₂-viscoelastic fluid synergistic flooding in low-permeability tight reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2025, 15(4): 672-678.

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温度/℃	30	45	60	80
黏度/(mPa·s)	12.32	3.27	2.75	0.58
tanδ	0.43	0.59	0.75	0.90
τ/s	5.43	4.19	2.27	0.95

编号	孔隙度/%	气测渗透率/10^-3μm²	原始含水饱和度/%	驱替方式	水驱采出程度/%	最终采出程度/%	采收率提高幅度/%
1	7.947	0.283	41.44	连续CO₂驱	38.56	59.21	20.65
2	8.279	0.264	43.25	0.3 PV CMS-水驱	40.28	48.62	8.34
3	8.146	0.277	42.73	0.3 PV CMS- CO₂驱	41.54	70.32	28.78

编号	驱替方式	并联岩心	气测渗透率/10^-3μm²	原始含水饱和度/%	水驱后采出程度/%		提高幅度%
编号	驱替方式	并联岩心	气测渗透率/10^-3μm²	原始含水饱和度/%	单管	综合	单管	综合
1	CO₂驱	高渗	7.812	35.23	66.86	39.55	1.16	0.83
1	CO₂驱	低渗	0.189	31.45	17.06	39.55	0.56	0.83
2	CMS-水交替驱	高渗	8.135	33.88	56.48	40.11	13.88	16.89
2	CMS-水交替驱	低渗	0.214	31.09	17.70	40.11	20.99	16.89
3	CMS-CO₂交替驱	高渗	7.745	37.63	46.06	39.46	6.36	26.28
3	CMS-CO₂交替驱	低渗	0.172	31.23	31.99	39.46	31.18	26.28

低渗致密油藏CO₂-黏弹性流体协同驱油效果评价及矿场应用

Effectiveness evaluation and field application of CO₂-viscoelastic fluid synergistic flooding in low-permeability tight reservoirs

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