盐水层CO2封存潜力评价及适应性评价方法研究进展

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2023.04.010

油气藏评价与开发 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (4): 484-494.doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2023.04.010

盐水层CO₂封存潜力评价及适应性评价方法研究进展

赵玉龙^1,²(),杨勃^1,²,曹成^1,²(),张烈辉^1,²,周翔^1,²,黄晨直³,芮祎鸣³,李金龙⁴

1.油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室，四川成都 610500
2.西南石油大学，四川成都 610500
3.中国石油西南油气田公司天然气研究院，四川成都 610213
4.中国石油吉林油田公司勘探开发研究院，吉林松原 138000

收稿日期:2022-07-07 出版日期:2023-08-26 发布日期:2023-09-01
通讯作者: 曹成（1993—），男，博士，副研究员，从事CO₂捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）等研究。地址：四川省成都市新都区新都大道8号，邮政编码：610500。E-mail: caochengcn@163.com
作者简介:赵玉龙（1987—），男，博士，研究员，从事非常规油气藏开发、试井分析及CO₂捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）等研究。地址：四川省成都市新都区新都大道8号，邮政编码：610500。E-mail: 373104686@qq.com
基金资助:
中国博士后科学基金第71批面上资助一等“含 H2S/SO2 的 CO2—咸水—泥岩作用机制及其对盖层封闭性演化的影响”(2022M710116)

Research progress of evaluation of CO₂ storage potential and suitability assessment indexes in saline aquifers

ZHAO Yulong^1,²(),YANG Bo^1,²,CAO Cheng^1,²(),ZHANG Liehui^1,²,ZHOU Xiang^1,²,HUANG Chenzhi³,RUI Yiming³,LI Jinlong⁴

1. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
2. Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
3. Natural Gas Research Institute of Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, PetroChina, Chengdu, Sichuan 610213, China
4. Exploration and Development Research Institute of Jilin Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Songyuan, Jilin 138000, China

Received:2022-07-07 Online:2023-08-26 Published:2023-09-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

盐水层CO₂封存是可行的技术部署方案之一，也是中长期CO₂深度减排的主要方式。针对盐水层封存潜力的评估要求，对CO₂地质封存的4种封存机理进行了系统阐述，并基于封存机理对沉积盆地中盐水层封存潜力的计算方法进行了梳理分析。通过总结归纳国内外盐水层封存评价体系，建立了涵括安全、技术、经济和社会环境4类评价指标层的盐水层封存适宜性评价指标体系，利用层次分析法确定了各指标的权重。对于具有开放构造和丰富水文地质作用的盐水层，推荐考虑残余气封存和溶解封存结合的方法评估封存潜力，盐水层CO₂地质封存适宜性评价指标体系的建立为开展全国性的CO₂封存适宜性评价工作提供参考。

关键词: 碳捕集利用与封存, 盐水层, 封存机理, 封存潜力, 评价指标体系

Abstract:

CO₂ storage in saline aquifers is one of the feasible technical deployment schemes, and it is also the main approach to reduce CO₂ emission in the medium and long term. To meet the assessment requirements of the storage potential in saline aquifers, four CO₂ geological storage mechanisms are systematically expounded. Based on the storage mechanism, an evaluation index system for the suitability of CO₂ geological storage in saline aquifers is established, including four evaluation index layers of safety, technology, economy, and social environment. The weight of each evaluation index factor is calculated using the analytic hierarchy process. For saline aquifers with an open structure and rich hydrogeology, it is recommended to consider the combination of residual trapping and solubility trapping to evaluate CO₂ storage potential. The CO₂ geological storage suitability evaluation index system of saline aquifers provides a reference for conducting the national CO₂ storage suitability evaluation.

Key words: carbon capture, utilization and storage（CCUS）, saline aquifer, storage mechanism, storage potential, evaluation index system

中图分类号:

TE34

赵玉龙, 杨勃, 曹成, 张烈辉, 周翔, 黄晨直, 芮祎鸣, 李金龙. 盐水层CO₂封存潜力评价及适应性评价方法研究进展[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2023, 13(4): 484-494.

ZHAO Yulong, YANG Bo, CAO Cheng, ZHANG Liehui, ZHOU Xiang, HUANG Chenzhi, RUI Yiming, LI Jinlong. Research progress of evaluation of CO₂ storage potential and suitability assessment indexes in saline aquifers[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2023, 13(4): 484-494.

图/表 7

图1

表1

CO2与不同岩石矿物的反应式"

岩石矿物		化学反应式
碳酸盐类	方解石	$C a C O 3 + H 2 O + C O 2 → C a (H C O 3) 2$
	菱镁矿	$M g C O 3 + H 2 O + C O 2 → M g (H C O 3) 2$
	菱铁矿	$F e C O 3 + H 2 O + C O 2 → F e (H C O 3) 2$
	白云石	$C a M g (C O 3) 2 + 2 H + → C a 2 + + M g 2 + + 2 H C O 3 -$
硅酸盐类	钾长石	$2 K A l S i 3 O 8 + 2 C O 2 + 3 H 2 O → A l 2 (S i 2 O 5) (O H) 4 + 4 S i O 2 + 2 K + + 2 H C O 3 -$
	钾长石	$3 K A l S i 3 O 8 + 2 C O 2 + 2 H 2 O → K A l 2 (A l S i 3 O 10) (O H) 2 + 6 S i O 2 + 2 K + + 2 H C O 3 -$
	钠长石	$2 N a A l S i 3 O 8 + 2 C O 2 + 3 H 2 O → A l 2 (S i 2 O 5) (O H) 4 + 4 S i O 2 + 2 N a + + 2 H C O 3 -$
	钠长石	$N a A l S i 3 O 8 + C O 2 + H 2 O → N a A l C O 3 （ O H ） 2 + 3 S i O 2$
	钙长石	$C a A l 2 S i 2 O 8 + 2 H + + H 2 O → C a 2 + + A l 2 （ S i 2 O 5) (O H) 4$
	高岭石	$A l 2 （ S i 2 O 5) (O H) 4 + 6 H + → 2 A l 3 + + 2 S i O 2 + 5 H 2 O$
		$A l 2 （ S i 2 O 5) (O H) 4 + H 2 O + 2 C O 2 + 2 N a + → 2 N a A l C O 3 （ O H ） 2 + 2 S i O 2 + 2 H +$
		$A l 2 （ S i 2 O 5) (O H) 4 + K A l S i 3 O 8 → K A l 2 （ A l S i 3 O 10) (O H) 2 + 2 S i O 2 + H 2 O$
	镁橄榄石	$M g 2 S i O 4 + 2 H 2 O + 2 C O 2 → 2 M g C O 3 + H 4 S i O 4$
	铁橄榄石	$F e 2 S i O 4 + 2 H 2 O + 2 C O 2 → 2 F e C O 3 + H 4 S i O 4$
	云母	$K A l 2 （ A l S i 3 O 10) (O H) 2 + 2 S i O 2 + H 2 O → K A l S i 3 O 8 + A l 2 （ S i 2 O 5) (O H) 4$
	蒙脱石	$蒙脱石 + 4 H 2 O + C O 2 → N a A l C O 3 （ O H ） 2 + A l 2 （ S i 2 O 5) (O H) 4 + S i O 2$

表1

图2

表2

表3

盐水层CO2地质封存适宜性评价指标体系"

指标层	指标亚层	指标	评价分级
指标层	指标亚层	指标	适宜	较适宜	一般	较不适宜	不适宜
安全性	盖层封闭性	岩性	膏岩、泥岩、钙质泥岩	含砂泥岩、含粉砂泥岩	粉砂质泥岩、砂质泥岩	泥质粉砂岩、泥质砂岩	页岩、致密灰岩
		主力盖层埋深/m	[800, 1 200)	[1 200, 1 700)	[1 700, 3 500)	[3 500, 4 000)	[0, 800)
		单层厚度/m	[20, 25)	[15, 20)	[10, 15)	[5, 10)	[0, 5)
		累计厚度/m	[300, 350)	[250, 300)	[200, 250)	[150, 200)	[0, 150)
		分布连续性	连续稳定	较连续、较稳定	连续性中等、较稳定	连续性较差、较不稳定	连续性差、不稳定
	断裂条件	断裂特征	有限断层、裂缝	有限断层、裂缝	中等断层、中等裂缝	较大断层、较大裂缝	大断层、大裂缝
	断裂条件	断裂封闭性	好	较好	中等	较差	差
	地震火山条件	地震	极少发生、距离远	少有发生、距离较远	有发生、距离中等	较多发生、距离较近	多发生、距离近
		地震峰值加速度（g=9.81 m/s²）	[0, 0.05)	[0.05, 0.15)	[0.15, 0.30)	[0.3, 0.4)	[0.4, 0.5)
		火山	极少发生、距离远	少有发生、距离较远	有发生、距离中等	较多发生、距离较近	多发生、距离近
	水动力条件	水动力作用	水力封闭作用	水力封闭—封堵作用	水力封堵作用	水力封堵—运移逸散作用	水力运移逸散作用
技术性	储层条件	岩性	碎屑岩	碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩混合	碳酸盐岩	岩浆岩、变质岩等特殊岩体
		埋藏深度/m	[800, 1 200)	[1 200, 1 700)	[1 700, 3 500)	[3 500, 4 000)	[0, 800)
		厚度/m	[50, 60)	[40, 50)	[30, 40)	[20, 30)	[0, 20)
		孔隙度/%	砂岩[20, 30)	[15, 20)	[10, 15)	[5, 10)	[0, 5)
		孔隙度/%	碳酸盐岩[16, 20)	[12, 16)	[8, 12)	[4, 8)	[0, 4)
		渗透率/10^-3 μm²	砂岩[50, 100)	[35, 50)	[25, 35)	[10, 25)	[0, 10)
		渗透率/10^-3 μm²	碳酸盐岩[10, 16)	[8, 10)	[6, 8)	[4, 6)	[0, 4)
		渗透率变异系数	[0, 0.5)	[0.50, 0.55)	[0.55, 0.60)	[0.60, 0.65)	[0.65, 0.70)
	封存潜力	推定潜力/10⁸t	[50, 100)	[25, 50)	[0.5, 25.0)	[0.02, 0.50)	[0, 0.02)
	封存潜力	单位面积推定潜力/（10⁴t/km²）	[200, 250)	[100, 200)	[50, 100)	[1, 50)	[0, 1)
	地热条件	地表温度/℃	[0, 2)	[2, 3)	[3, 10)	[10, 25)	[25, 30)
		地温梯度/（℃/hm）	[0, 2)	[2, 3)	[3, 4)	[4, 5)	[5, 6)
		地热流值	[0, 54.5)	[54.5, 65.0)	[65, 75)	[75, 85)	[85, 100)
经济性		碳源规模/（10⁶t/a）	[50, 100)	[25, 50)	[10, 25)	[5, 10)	[0, 5)
		碳源距离/km	[0, 50)	[50, 100)	[100, 150)	[150, 200)	[200, 250)
		运输条件	好	较好	一般	较差	差
		基础设施	完善	较完善	中等	不完善	无
		收益	远大于成本	大于成本	持平	小于成本	远小于成本
社会环境		社会认可条件	公众认可度高、法规待完善	公众认可度较高、法规较完善	公众认可度一般、法规需修改	公众认可度差、法规需制定	公众排斥
		人口密度/（人/km²）	[0, 25)	[25, 50)	[50, 100)	[100, 200)	[200, 250)
		地理位置	沙漠未利用土地	牧草地	林地	耕地、园地	居民点及工矿用地或水域

表3

表4

表5

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工作阶段	研究对象	等级	潜力级别	目的、任务
国家级潜力	沉积盆地	E	预测潜力	以单个盆地为单元进行适宜性评价并排序，评价出适宜CO₂地质封存的盆地
盆地级潜力	盆地一级构造单元	D	推定潜力	以单个盆地一级构造为单元进行适宜性评价，评价出盆地中CO₂地质封存远景区
目标区级潜力	盆地圈闭级构造单元	C	控制潜力	制定CO₂地质封存目标靶区选择标准，在圈闭内比选出封存目标靶区
场地级潜力	封存场地	B	基础封存量	对场地开展地质封存勘查和评估，指导灌注工程的设计
灌注级潜力	地质封存工程场地	A	工程封存量	开展CO₂灌注工程监测，根据灌注工程的运行状况，对场地灌注量及环境风险进行评估

指标	权重值	最大特征根	P_CR值
安全	0.402 2	4.010 4	0.003 9
技术	0.348 3	4.010 4	0.003 9
经济	0.124 8	4.010 4	0.003 9
社会环境	0.124 8	4.010 4	0.003 9

盐水层CO₂封存潜力评价及适应性评价方法研究进展

Research progress of evaluation of CO₂ storage potential and suitability assessment indexes in saline aquifers

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