CO2捕集利用与封存经济效益及财税政策分析

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024.02.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着全球“碳中和”目标趋同，经过百年发展，碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）产业发展迎来新机遇。欧美发达国家通过碳市场、碳税制度、碳补贴或退税、碳边境调节机制等措施，大力扶持CCUS技术研发及工程示范推广，CCUS产业化雏形已现，市场前景广阔。与国外相比，中国CCUS相关政策法规以引导为主，碳市场规模和碳价仍处于较低水平，亟待强化CCUS政策法规制定及配套措施研究。为此，明确了CCUS项目投入产出框架，梳理了全球典型CCUS项目经济效益及其财税政策环境，并提出中国CCUS产业效益发展建议。分析表明，国外项目普遍获得了政府直接补贴，运行成本中捕集成本占70%~80%，环境成本主要与CO₂泄漏后的环境风险及加装CCUS后产生的额外排放有关，产出收益包括直接收益和间接收益，高于200元/t气价条件下的CO₂驱油项目难以获得经济效益。结合国内外CCUS政策法规现状对比分析，提出了加快技术研发迭代速度，加大CCUS集群枢纽中心建设，加紧出台渐进式、组合式CCUS政策法规等CCUS产业化发展建议。

关键词: CCUS, 产业化, 经济评价, 政策法规, 典型案例

Abstract:

With the convergence of global carbon neutrality goals, the CCUS industry has ushered in new opportunities after a century of development. Developed countries in Europe and America have vigorously supported the research and development of CCUS technologies and the promotion of engineering demonstrations through measures such as carbon markets, carbon taxation systems, carbon subsidies or rebates, and carbon border adjustment mechanisms. The embryonic form of CCUS industrialization has emerged, with broad market prospects. Compared to foreign countries, China's CCUS-related policies and regulations are mainly guiding in nature, with the scale of the carbon market and carbon price levels still at relatively low levels, urgently requiring strengthened research on CCUS policy and regulatory formulation and supporting measures. Therefore, we define the input-output framework of CCUS projects, sort out the economic benefits and fiscal taxation policy environment of typical CCUS projects in the world, and put forward suggestions on the development of CCUS industrial benefits in China. The analysis shows that foreign projects generally receive direct subsidies from the government, with capture costs accounting for 70% to 80% of operating costs. Environmental costs mainly include environmental risks after CO₂ leakage and additional emissions generated after installing CCUS. Output benefits include direct and indirect benefits, and under conditions where gas prices exceed 200 RMB per ton, CO₂ enhanced oil recovery projects are difficult to achieve economic benefits. In conjunction with a comparative analysis of the current status of CCUS policies and regulations at home and abroad, suggestions for the development of CCUS industrialization are proposed, such as accelerating the pace of technological research and development iterations, increasing the construction of CCUS cluster hub centers, and promptly issuing progressive and combined CCUS policies and regulations..

Key words: CCUS, industrialization, economic evaluation, policies & regulations, typical cases

中图分类号:

TE357

魏海峰. CO₂捕集利用与封存经济效益及财税政策分析[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2024, 14(2): 277-283.

WEI Haifeng. Economic benefits and fiscal tax policies of CO₂ capture, utilization and storage[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2024, 14(2): 277-283.

图/表 1

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序号	项目名称	所属行业	运行年份	捕集规模/ 10⁶t	政府投资/ 10⁶美元	资本性支出/ 10⁶美元	运行费用/ 10⁶美元
1	挪威Sleipner项目	天然气处理	1996	0.9	主要依靠碳税激励	90.0	70
2	加拿大Boundary Dam项目	火力发电	2014	1.0	240.0	1 420.0	105
3	美国Caledonia Clean Energy项目	火力发电	2025	3.1	4.2	50.0
4	英国Drax BECCUS项目	生物质能	2027	8.0	800.0
5	美国Net Power项目	天然气发电	2016		44.0	150.0
6	法国3D项目	乙醇生产	2025	1.0	14.7	19.3	30~40
7	加拿大Quest项目	制氢	2015	1.2	865.0	13.5	41
8	美国Port Arthur炼厂	炼厂	2013	1.0	284.0	431.0
9	美国大平原合成燃料项目	煤制氢	2020	3.0	13.0	21.0

CO₂捕集利用与封存经济效益及财税政策分析

Economic benefits and fiscal tax policies of CO₂ capture, utilization and storage

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