气体水合物合成研究进展

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024.02.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水合物法捕集与封存CO₂气体可服务于大规模减排的技术需求，加速“碳中和”目标的实现，对应对气候变化具有重要意义。从气体水合物的基本性质、生成机理及模型，多孔介质中水合物合成，水合物合成的分子动力学模拟等方面，综述了前人针对水合物合成领域的研究现状，提出了气体水合物合成过程中存在的科学问题，并对气体水合物的发展及煤系地层CO₂水合物的封存方向进行了评价。研究认为，CO₂气体的溶解度是限制准确计算多孔介质中水合物储气量的关键因素；气体水合物的局部结构化（成核）机制复杂，仍需深入研究；高纬度及永久冻土区煤系地层可作为水合物法封存CO₂气体的地下空间。

关键词: 水合物, 碳中和, 煤基介质, CO₂水合物合成, 研究进展

Abstract:

The utilization of hydrate-based capture and storage of CO₂ presents a promising avenue for substantial emissions reduction, contributing significantly to achieving carbon neutrality goals and addressing climate change. This paper delves into the foundational aspects of gas hydrates, including their properties, formation mechanisms, and models, as well as hydrate synthesis within porous media and the use of molecular dynamics simulations for understanding hydrate formation. Key challenges identified in the synthesis process of gas hydrates include the limited solubility of CO₂ in porous media, which poses a significant hurdle in precisely determining the storage capacity of CO₂ hydrates. Additionally, the local structural mechanisms, particularly nucleation processes involved in gas hydrate formation, are highlighted as complex areas that warrant further investigation. The paper also evaluates the potential of coal-bearing strata, especially in high-latitude and permafrost regions, as viable underground repositories for CO₂ storage via hydrate formation. This approach not only offers a method for reducing atmospheric CO₂ levels but also leverages the unique geological characteristics of these regions to enhance the efficiency and stability of CO₂ storage. In summary, while hydrate-based CO₂ capture and storage technologies hold considerable promise for climate change mitigation, addressing the scientific and technical challenges identified in this review is crucial for advancing the field and optimizing the efficacy of this storage method.

Key words: hydrate, carbon neutralization, coal-based medium, CO₂ hydrate synthesis, research progress

中图分类号:

TE31

吴财芳,高彬,李清等. 气体水合物合成研究进展[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2024, 14(2): 267-276.

Caifang WU,Bin GAO,Qing LI, et al. Research progress of gas hydrate synthesis[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2024, 14(2): 267-276.

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水合物类型	联结孔类型	组成结构
I型	大孔穴	由12个五边形和2个六边形组成的十四面体（5¹²6²）结构
I型	小孔穴	由12个五边形组成的十二面体（5¹²）结构
Ⅱ型	大孔穴	由12个五边形和4个六边形组成的十六面体（5¹²6⁴）结构
Ⅱ型	小孔穴	由12个五边形组成的十二面体（5¹²）结构
H型	大孔穴	由12个五边形和8个六边形组成二十面体（5¹²6⁸）结构
	中孔穴	由3个四边形、6个五边形和3个六边形组成的十二面体（4³5⁶6³）结构
	小孔穴	由12个五边形组成的十二面体（5¹²）结构

水合物类型	水合物参数
水合物类型	联结孔类型	联结孔数量	联结孔平均直径/nm	晶胞结构	晶格棱长参数/nm	晶格轴角参数/（° ）	晶胞结构式	配位数	空间群
Ⅰ型	大	6	0.433	体心立方	a=1.200	α=β=γ=90°	6（5¹²6²）·2（5¹²）·46H₂O	24	Pm3n（第223号）
Ⅰ型	小	2	0.395	体心立方	a=1.200	α=β=γ=90°	6（5¹²6²）·2（5¹²）·46H₂O	20	Pm3n（第223号）
Ⅱ型	大	8	0.473	面心立方	a=1.730	α=β=γ=90°	8（5¹²6⁴）·16（5¹²）·136H₂O	28	Pd3m（第227号）
Ⅱ型	小	16	0.391	面心立方	a=1.730	α=β=γ=90°	8（5¹²6⁴）·16（5¹²）·136H₂O	20	Pd3m（第227号）
H型	大	1	0.579	简单六方	a=1.226 c=1.017	α=β=90° γ=120°	1（5¹²6⁸）·3（5¹²）2（4³5⁶6³）·34H₂O	36	P6/mmm（第191号）
	中	2	0.404					20
	小	3	0.394					20