深层寒武系成岩流体演化与油气成藏——以塔里木盆地库车坳陷托探1井为例

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.03.005

油气藏评价与开发 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (3): 382-393.doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.03.005

深层寒武系成岩流体演化与油气成藏——以塔里木盆地库车坳陷托探1井为例

杨宪彰¹(), 黄亚浩²(), 王斌¹, 文志刚², 周露¹, 张科¹, 何涛华², 罗涛², 陈笑², 曾强浩²

1.中国石油塔里木油田公司勘探开发研究院，新疆库尔勒 841000
2.长江大学教育部油气资源与勘探技术重点实验室，湖北武汉 434000

收稿日期:2024-10-09 发布日期:2025-05-28 出版日期:2025-06-26
通讯作者: 黄亚浩 E-mail:yangxztlm@petrochina.com.cn;hyhtr08916@163.com
作者简介:杨宪彰（1979—），男，博士，高级工程师，主要从事石油地质与沉积储层研究。地址：新疆库尔勒市石化大道26号中国石油塔里木油田公司，邮政编码：841000。E-mail：yangxztlm@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“深层碳酸盐岩储层流体活动示踪油气差异成藏效应研究——以塔里木盆地富满油田为例”(42302154)

Oil and gas accumulation and diagenetic fluid evolution in deep Cambrian strata: A case study of well Tuotan 1, Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin

YANG Xianzhang¹(), HUANG Yahao²(), WANG Bin¹, WEN Zhigang², ZHOU Lu¹, ZHANG Ke¹, HE Taohua², LUO Tao², CHEN Xiao², ZENG Qianghao²

1. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla, Xinjiang 841000, China
2. Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei 434000, China

Received:2024-10-09 Online:2025-05-28 Published:2025-06-26
Contact: HUANG Yahao E-mail:yangxztlm@petrochina.com.cn;hyhtr08916@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塔里木盆地是深层—超深层油气勘探开发的主战场。目前塔里木盆地库车坳陷托探1井古生界寒武新层系古潜山型油气藏勘探取得重大突破。由于地层年代古老且油气藏地质构造复杂，对该区域油气成藏过程和流体演化尚未进行系统深入的研究。采用生物标志化合物分析、岩相学分析、微区原位微量元素与锶同位素分析、流体包裹体等研究方法，确定下丘里塔格组白云岩储层成脉流体来源和多期油气充注时间。结果显示，托探1井下丘里塔格组白云岩储层主要发育裂缝和溶蚀孔洞充填的2期方解石脉体，第一期方解石为深部富锶流体来源，第二期方解石脉体表现为海水来源。2期含油流体包裹体主要发育于第二期方解石脉体内部，分别为次生蓝白色荧光油包裹体和次生绿色荧光油包裹体，结合包裹体测温和单井埋藏史恢复结果显示，第一期蓝白色油包裹体成藏时间为新近系吉迪克组沉积时期（23~20 Ma），第二期绿色油包裹体成藏时间为新近系库车组沉积时期（5~3 Ma）。基于油源对比分析推测下丘里塔格组储层内2期原油来源于三叠系黄三街组和侏罗系恰克马克组湖相烃源岩的混合供烃。库车坳陷托探1井的新发现证实塔里木盆地山前古老地层中仍具有油气规模成藏条件，潜山型油气成藏成为下一步库车坳陷油气增储上产的新领域。

关键词: 流体包裹体, 油源对比, 流体演化, 寒武系, 库车坳陷

Abstract:

The Tarim Basin serves as the major area for deep and ultra-deep oil and gas exploration and development. A significant breakthrough has recently been achieved in the exploration of ancient buried hill-type oil and gas reservoirs within the Cambrian System of the Paleozoic strata in well Tuotan 1, Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin. Due to the ancient geological age and complex reservoir geology, systematic studies on oil and gas accumulation process and fluid evolution in this area remain insufficient. In this study, methods including biomarker analysis, petrological analysis, in-situ micro-area trace element and strontium isotope analysis, and fluid inclusions were used to determine the fluid origins of vein formation and the timing of multiple-phase of oil and gas charging in the dolomite reservoirs of the Xiaqiulitage Formation. The results revealed that the dolomite reservoirs in Xiaqiulitage Formation, well Tuotan 1 primarily developed two phases of calcite veins that filled fractures and dissolution pores. The first phase of calcite originated from deep, strontium-rich fluids, while the second phase of calcite veins derived from seawater. Two phases of oil-bearing fluid inclusions were predominantly developed within the second-phase calcite veins, comprising secondary blue-white fluorescent oil inclusions and secondary green fluorescent oil inclusions. The integration of fluid inclusion thermometry with single-well burial history reconstruction revealed that the first-phase blue-white fluorescent inclusions recorded oil and gas accumulation during the deposition of the Neogene Jidike Formation (23-20 Ma), while the second-phase green oil inclusions recorded oil and gas accumulation during the deposition of the Neogene Kuqa Formation (5-3 Ma). Oil-source correlation analysis indicated that the two phases of crude oil in the reservoirs of Xiaqiulitage Formation were derived from mixed contributions of lacustrine source rocks in the Triassic Huangsanjie Formation and Jurassic Qakmak Formation. The new findings from well Tuotan 1 in Kuqa Depression demonstrate that ancient strata in the foreland region of the Tarim Basin still retain favorable conditions for large-scale oil and gas accumulation, making buried hill-type oil and gas reservoirs a promising frontier for increasing reserves and production in Kuqa Depression.

Key words: fluid inclusion, oil-source correlation, fluid evolution, Cambrian, Kuqa Depression

中图分类号:

TE122

杨宪彰,黄亚浩,王斌, 等. 深层寒武系成岩流体演化与油气成藏——以塔里木盆地库车坳陷托探1井为例[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2025, 15(3): 382-393.

YANG Xianzhang,HUANG Yahao,WANG Bin, et al. Oil and gas accumulation and diagenetic fluid evolution in deep Cambrian strata: A case study of well Tuotan 1, Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2025, 15(3): 382-393.

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深层寒武系成岩流体演化与油气成藏——以塔里木盆地库车坳陷托探1井为例

Oil and gas accumulation and diagenetic fluid evolution in deep Cambrian strata: A case study of well Tuotan 1, Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin

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