注入介质和注入方式对致密油提高采收程度影响实验研究——以大庆扶余储层为例

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.04.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

致密油藏作为目前中国油气藏开发重点，因储层物性差、连通性不佳、非均质性强的特点导致其开采难度大。在致密油藏开采过程中，不同注入介质和注采方式对致密油藏开采的机理及提采效果不明确，从而严重制约了致密油藏的高效开采。以中国石油大庆油田扶余储层为例，开展不同注入介质（CO₂、活性剂）及不同注入方式（驱替、吞吐、气水交替）的地层岩心动态注入室内实验，研究不同注入介质及注入方式对致密油藏的提采机理及提采效果。结果发现：气水交替驱与CO₂气驱相比，地下原油采出程度提高了4.14%，与活性剂驱相比，地下原油采出程度提高了15.38%；气水交替吞吐与CO₂吞吐相比，地下原油采出程度提高了0.54%，与活性剂吞吐相比，地下原油采出程度提高了5.09%。建立驱油优势通道后的驱替比吞吐具有更大的波及体积与洗油效率，且气水交替注入较单一介质注入有效地降低了流体窜流，增大了对细小孔隙的清扫。由于CO₂注入对地层原油的降黏及溶解气驱效果较好，CO₂注入采出程度高于活性剂注入。同等注采条件下，低黏度原油的采出程度高于高黏度原油，黏度的增大显著增大了渗流阻力。研究得出了不同注入介质及不同注入方式对致密油藏开发的提采程度差异，为致密油藏进一步高效开发提供实验及理论支持。

关键词: 致密油藏, 活性剂, 驱替, 吞吐, 气水交替, 提高采出程度

Abstract:

Tight oil reservoirs, as a key focus in China’s current oil and gas development, present significant exploration challenges due to their poor physical properties, limited connectivity, and strong heterogeneity. During the exploration of tight oil reservoirs, the influence of different injection media and production methods on recovery mechanisms and performance remains unclear, severely restricting their efficient exploration of these reservoirs. Taking the Fuyu reservoir in the Daqing oilfield of PetroChina as a case study, laboratory experiments involving dynamic core injection were conducted using various injection media (CO₂ and surfactants) and methods (displacement, huff-n-puff, and gas-water alternating injection) to investigate their effects on oil recovery mechanisms and efficiency in tight reservoirs. The results indicated that gas-water alternating displacement improved underground oil recovery by 4.14% compared to CO₂ displacement and by 15.38% compared to surfactant displacement. Similarly, gas-water alternating huff-n-puff increased oil recovery by 0.54% over CO₂ huff-and-puff and by 5.09% compared to surfactant huff-n-puff. Displacement methods, after forming preferential oil flow channels, exhibited larger sweep volumes and higher oil displacement efficiency than huff-and-puff methods. Moreover, gas-water alternating injection effectively reduced fluid channeling compared to single-media injection and enhanced the sweep of fine pore spaces. Due to CO₂’s superior viscosity reduction and dissolved gas drive effects on reservoir crude oil, CO₂ injection achieved higher recovery than surfactant injection. Under identical injection-production conditions, low-viscosity crude oil exhibited a higher recovery compared to high-viscosity crude oil, as increased viscosity significantly raised flow resistance. The study reveals the differences in recovery performance associated with various injection media and methods, providing experimental evidence and theoretical support for the efficient development of tight oil reservoirs.

Key words: tight oil reservoir, surfactant, displacement, huff-n-puff, gas-water alternating injection, enhanced oil recovery

中图分类号:

TE357

汤勇,袁晨刚,何佑伟, 等. 注入介质和注入方式对致密油提高采收程度影响实验研究——以大庆扶余储层为例[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2025, 15(4): 554-563.

TANG Yong,YUAN Chengang,HE Youwei, et al. Experimental study on injection media and methods for enhanced oil recovery in tight oil reservoirs: A case study of Fuyu reservoir in Daqing[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2025, 15(4): 554-563.

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井号	地层压力/MPa	饱和压力/MPa	原始气油比	地层温度/℃	体积系数	原油密度/(g/cm³)	原油黏度/(mPa·s)	溶解系数/[(m³/m³)/MPa]	CO₂最小混相压力/MPa
塔21-4外扩区块	18.90	7.58	31.45	98.0	1.15	0.768	2.53	4.052	32.12
葡483-481区块	15.64	4.09	14.84	85.4	1.09	0.808	5.03	3.630	31.30

岩心编号	长度/cm	直径/cm	渗透率/10^-3μm²	孔隙度/%	孔隙体积/cm³
3-1	8.16	2.5	1.20	12.37	4.99
9-1	8.20	2.5	1.02	16.15	6.50
5-4	6.20	2.5	0.98	11.14	3.39
7-3	8.25	2.5	0.92	12.34	5.08

岩心编号	长度/cm	直径/cm	渗透率/10^-3 μm²	孔隙度/%	孔隙体积/cm³
43-3	8.06	2.5	0.85	14.37	2.348
26-4	7.91	2.5	1.03	11.15	2.230
47-1	7.90	2.5	1.20	12.14	2.242
28-1	8.20	2.5	1.18	11.34	3.577