碳酸盐岩水平井酸化模式及工艺参数优化研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水平井油层区域跨度大、非均质性强,钻、完井及开采过程中受到的伤害表现出强烈的非均质性特征,常规笼统酸化效率低。围绕非均质碳酸盐岩储层水平井高效酸化所面临的技术瓶颈,提出了以伤害特征描述、酸化模式优选和工艺参数优化为依据的水平井高效酸化设计方法;并建立了一套集水平井钻井伤害模拟、不同酸化工艺和模式改造方法、酸化效果后评估的三维精细化数学模型。采用以上设计方法和数学模型,针对某水平井为例,展开了系统的模拟研究。研究表明,该水平井伤害程度在三维空间中表现极不均匀。采用强度为0.5 m ³/m的转向酸体系分别按笼统酸化、分段酸化和局部酸化进行模拟分析,其中局部改造效果好于其它两种酸化模式,综合表皮系数由4.717降至-0.083。同时,以局部酸化模式中第4小段为例进行了工艺参数优化设计,其中优化注酸排量为2 m ³/min,酸液用量为66 m ³。通过研究,能够有效帮助解决碳酸盐岩水平井长井段基质酸化效果不理想的现状,使可控参数（如施工参数）和不可控参数（如地层参数）达到优化组合,实现合理、高效布酸目的。

关键词: 酸蚀蚓孔, 水平井酸化, 碳酸盐岩, 非均质性, 三维模拟, 数值模型

Abstract:

The horizontal well has the charecteristics of large span and strong heterogeneity, the damage caused by drilling, completion and exploitation is characterized by strong heterogeneity, and the efficiency of the general acidizing is low. Considering the existing technical bottleneck, we proposed a design of the efficient acidizing in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs based on the description of damage characteristics, the optimization of acidizing modes, and the injection parameters, meanwhile, built a set of 3D fine mathematical models for the simulation of the damage of the horizontal wells, the optimization of acidizing modes and parameters, and the evaluation after acidizing. Based on the method above and the mathematical models, we carried out the systemic simulation of a horizontal well. The results show that the damage degree of the horizontal well is extremely uneven in the 3D space. In accordance with the general acidification, multistage acidification and partial acidification respectively, then we carried out the simulation analysis by using the diverting acid system with the strength of 0.5 m ³/m. The partial acidification was better than the other two modes and its comprehensive skin coefficient decreased from 4.717 to -0.083. The optimum design of the process parameters was also carried out in the fourth part of the partial acidification. The optimal acid injection rate was 2 m ³/min and the optimal acid volume was 66 m ³. The results can solve the problem of the unsatisfactory matrix acidizing effect of the long section of the horizontal wells in carbonate reservoirs, and optimize the controllable parameters（such as treatment parameters） and uncontrollable parameters（such as formation parameters）, in order to achieve the reasonable and high efficiency acidification.

Key words: acid wormhole, acidizing of horizontal well, carbonate rock, heterogeneity, 3D simulation, numerical model

中图分类号:

TE357

薛衡,黄祖熹,赵立强等. 碳酸盐岩水平井酸化模式及工艺参数优化研究[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2018, 8(3): 66-72.

Heng Xue,Zuxi Huang,Liqiang Zhao, et al. Optimization study on horizontal well acidizing modes and injection parameters in carbonate reservoir[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2018, 8(3): 66-72.

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段号	水平井段位置/m	段长/ m	局部综合表皮系数,f	酸液用量/ m³
第一段	0~498	498	1.296	50
第二段	498~1 250	752	5.405	600

段号	水平井段位置/m	段长/ m	全井综合表皮系数,f	酸液用量/ m³
第一段	24~343	319	1.467	50
第二段	488~759	271	6.610	270
第三段	778~913	135	5.248	120
第四段	952~1 184	232	4.808	210