差异保存条件下页岩孔隙结构特征演化及其意义

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2020.05.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

鉴于保存条件和页岩孔隙演化对页岩气勘探开发的重要性,对页岩气保存条件和页岩孔隙结构演化之间关系的研究有着重要的科学意义和学术价值。通过氩离子抛光、扫描电镜和氮气吸附等方法对具有差异保存条件的黑色页岩开展孔隙结构特征和演化研究,发现不同保存条件下黑色页岩孔隙结构存在较大差异。这种差异是在后期抬升过程中保存条件的差异所致,具体表现在：①保存条件好和保存条件差的黑色页岩无机孔均发育较少,原始粒间孔绝大多数被生成的烃类充填,两者之间无机孔隙特征基本相似;②两者有机质孔差异较大,保存条件较好的黑色页岩有机质孔孔径大,形状多成圆状或气泡状。保存条件遭到破坏的黑色页岩有机质孔孔径相对较小或不发育、形状多样,多成扁平状、多边形状,具有一定压扁变形的特征;③保存条件好的黑色页岩孔隙体积和比表面积优于保存条件遭到破坏的黑色页岩;④黑色页岩的孔隙演化受保存条件的影响,孔隙在演化过程中,页岩的岩相和成岩作用控制黑色岩原始孔隙形态和分布,也决定有机质（油）分布形态,有机质热演化（原油裂解）影响了有机质孔的存在,而后期抬升改造过程中保存条件的好坏影响了孔隙结构（形态、大小、孔隙体积分布）,因此有机质孔的孔径大小、形状和孔隙度在一定程度反映了富有机质页岩保存条件的优劣。

关键词: 龙马溪组, 页岩气, 保存条件, 孔隙结构, 孔隙演化

Abstract:

Because of the importance of preservation conditions and shale pore evolution to shale gas exploration and development, it is of great scientific significance and academic value to study the relation between them. The pore structure characteristics and evolution of black shale with different preservation conditions have been studied by means such as argon ion polishing, scanning electron microscope and nitrogen adsorption, and it is found that the pore structure of black shale under different preservation conditions are significantly different. This difference is caused by the difference of preservation conditions in the late uplift process, which is manifested in the following aspects. First, inorganic pores in black shale with good or bad preservation conditions are both less developed, and most of the original intergranular pores are filled with generated hydrocarbons. The inorganic pore characteristics between them are basically similar. Second, the organic pores in black shale are of great difference under different preservation conditions. The diameter of shale organic pores is larger in good preservation conditions, which are in round or bubble shape. While the organic pores are relatively smaller in diameter or totally absent in poor preservation condition, which are in flat or irregular shape with the certain characteristics of flattening and deformation. Third, the pore volume and specific surface area of the black shale under good preservation conditions are better than that under poor conditions. Fourth, the porosity evolution of black shale is affected by preservation conditions. The original pore morphology and distribution are controlled by facies and diagenesis process, and so are the organic matter（oil） distribution form. Thermal evolution of organic matter（oil cracking） influences the existence of organic pores. Whereas, in the late uplifting process, the pore structures（shape, size, pore volume） are affected by the quality of the preservation condition. Therefore, the size, morphology and porosity of the shale organic pores reflect the preservation conditions of shale gas in some extent.

Key words: Longmaxi Formation shale gas, preservation conditions, pore structure, pore evolution

中图分类号:

TE311

刘树根,叶玥豪,冉波等. 差异保存条件下页岩孔隙结构特征演化及其意义[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2020, 10(5): 1-11.

Shugen LIU,Yuehao YE,Bo RAN, et al. Evolution and implications of shale pore structure characteristics under different preservation conditions[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2020, 10(5): 1-11.

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钻井	层位	岩性	埋藏深度/m	TOC/%	石英/%	黏土矿物/%	碳酸盐/%
JY4-1	O₃w-S₁l	硅质页岩	2 595.0	5.12	35.6	46.2	6.3
JY4-2	O₃w-S₁l	硅质页岩	2 592.0	3.85	69.5	23.2	4.0
JY4-3	O₃w-S₁l	硅质页岩	2 586.0	4.58	64.2	22.0	5.1
JY4-4	O₃w-S₁l	硅质页岩	2 581.0	3.68	50.2	28.2	7.9
JY4-5	O₃w-S₁l	硅质页岩	2 575.0	4.21	47.9	27.2	12.1
JY4-6	O₃w-S₁l	钙质页岩	2 569.0	2.63	31.0	25.4	32.0
JY4-7	O₃w-S₁l	硅质页岩	2 564.0	3.91	43.7	38.5	6.5
B201-2B	O₃w-S₁l	硅质页岩	2 053.7	2.82	71.0	17.0	8.0
B201-3B	O₃w-S₁l	硅质页岩	2 052.5	3.70	64.0	23.0	6.0
B201-4B	O₃w-S₁l	硅质页岩	2 050.3	4.72	60.0	27.0	4.0
B201-10B	O₃w-S₁l	硅质页岩	2 046.2	3.16	51.0	31.0	6.0
B201-11B	O₃w-S₁l	硅质页岩	2 042.8	2.95	50.0	33.0	7.0
B201-14B	O₃w-S₁l	硅质页岩	2 037.9	2.44	42.0	39.0	8.0
B201-17B	O₃w-S₁l	硅质页岩	2 032.4	2.64	43.0	37.0	8.0
B201-20B	O₃w-S₁l	硅质页岩	2 027.4	2.55	36.0	44.0	7.0