页岩气低密度三维地震勘探方法适应性评估分析

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2020.05.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

“两宽一高”三维地震勘探技术广泛应用于常规和非常规油气勘探。技术有效性和经济性是制约地震勘探的两个主要因素,尤其是非常规油气勘探,其经济性是主要的影响因素。以武隆地区常压页岩气三维地震勘探为例,介绍了页岩气低密度、经济性三维成功的做法,并且达到降低三维地震资料勘探成本、提高勘探效果的目的。结合与其类似的桃子荡地区常规三维地震勘探实例,着重对信噪比进行评估分析。指出了构造相对简单、区域性富集且具有强反射地震界面目的层的应用地质背景,性价比较高的低密度观测系统,能量强与信噪比高的单炮记录,及提高信噪比和高精度静校正的处理方法针对性的应用地震勘探技术是成功实现页岩气低密度三维关键。采用深井大药量饱和激发确保地震采集资料的能量和信噪比,提高有效炮的比率,以及现场管理方法和措施值得借鉴。其成功经验已在桂花和阳春沟两块三维地震勘探推广应用。

关键词: 低密度, 三维地震勘探, 常压页岩气, 饱和激发, 信噪比, 评估分析

Abstract:

3D seismic exploration technology with the mode of “Wide-azimuth, high-density and broadband” is widely used in the exploration of conventional and unconventional oil and gas. Technical effectiveness and economy are the two main factors restricting seismic exploration, especially unconventional oil and gas exploration（shale oil and gas, coalbed methane, etc.）, whose economy is the main influencing factor. Taking 3D seismic exploration for the shale gas with normal pressure in Wulong as an example, the successful 3D method of shale gas with low density and economy is introduced, and the purpose of reducing the exploration cost of 3D seismic data and improving the exploration effect is achieved. Combined with the similar conventional 3D seismic exploration examples in Taozidang area, the S/N ratio is evaluated and analyzed emphatically. It is pointed out that the application geological background with relatively simple structure, regional enrichment and strong reflective seismic interface, low density observation system with high cost performance, single shot record with high energy and SNR, and methods of improving S/N ratio and high-precision static correction for seismic exploration are the keys to the success of low density 3D shale gas. The application of deep well and large dosage saturation excitation to ensure the energy and S/N ratio of seismic acquisition data, improve the ratio of effective seismic record ratio, and the method and measure of field management are worthy of reference. Its successful experience has been widely used in 3D seismic exploration in Guihua and Yangchungou.

Key words: low-density, 3D seismic, normal-pressure shale gas, saturate exploding, S/N（signal-to-noise） ratio, evaluation analysis

中图分类号:

TE132

刘厚裕. 页岩气低密度三维地震勘探方法适应性评估分析[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2020, 10(5): 34-41.

LIU Houyu. Adaptability evaluation and analysis of low density 3D seismic exploration method for shale gas[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2020, 10(5): 34-41.

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对比项目	桃子荡地区	武隆地区
勘探目的层	二叠系（礁滩）、志留系	志留系
目的层埋深/m	二叠系：1 800~3 500;志留系：2 500~4 500	志留系：1 500~4 000
构造类型	斜坡	向斜
断层发育程度	不发育	不发育
地表类型	山地,地表高差较小	山地,地表高差大
地表出露岩性	侏罗系砂岩（80 %）、少部分三叠系灰岩	三叠系、二叠系灰岩、少部分侏罗系砂岩（25 %）
二叠系地质任务	精细刻画二叠系内幕反射,寻找礁滩有利目标, 为探井提供依据
志留系页岩气地质任务	查清志留系龙马溪—奥陶系五峰组地层空间展布、预测页岩气地质与工程“甜点”、为钻井设计与轨迹跟踪、气藏建模和提交储量提供依据和支撑
观测系统	24L7S288T1R192F	20L7S216T2R60F
纵向排列	5740-20-40-20-5740	4300-20-40-20-4300
面元尺寸	20 m×20 m	20 m×20 m
覆盖次数	16（横）×12（纵）=192次	12（横）×5（纵）=60次
二叠系覆盖次数	埋深2 000 m时,75次
志留系覆盖次数	埋深3 000 m时,105次	埋深3 000 m时,33次
道间距/m	40	40
检波线距/m	280	280
炮点距/m	360	360
接收道数	288×24=6 912道	216×20=4 320道
最大非纵距/m	3 340	2 900
横纵比	0.58	0.67
线束间滚动距离/m	280	560
炮道密度/（万道·km^-2）	47.5	15
激发因素	炸药震源,平均井深20 m、药量10.5 kg	炸药震源,平均井深23 m、药量14.7 kg
接收因素	12个20DX-10Hz检波器圆形埋置组合接收	24个20DX-10Hz检波器同心圆埋置组合接收
地震剖面对比	地表出露岩性均为侏?系砂岩,志留系埋深都在3 000 m左右