基于机器学习的页岩气井井间干扰评价及预测

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2022.03.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

页岩气藏井间干扰严重制约气井生产,井间干扰程度评价与预测对页岩气高效开发具有重要意义。现有研究主要聚焦页岩气井间干扰现象、生产动态特征以及数值模拟参数优化等方面,但页岩气井间干扰程度定量评价及预测方面的研究较少,且参数体系不全,难以客观评价页岩气井间干扰程度。因此,采用机器学习方法综合考虑地质参数、压裂参数及生产参数,对A页岩气藏井间干扰程度进行评价及预测。先对初始数据进行数据处理,提高数据质量,然后基于处理后的数据,应用聚类分析及随机森林算法评价及预测Y页岩气井间干扰程度。结果表明：A页岩气藏中井间干扰程度低、中、高的井数占比分别为25.93 %、37.03 %、37.04 %,其中压裂因素对A页岩气藏井间干扰程度评价结果影响最大。调参后的页岩气井间干扰程度预测结果达到92.07 %,表明所建立的预测模型可应用于实际页岩气井间干扰程度预测,且模型精确度较高,为页岩气井井间干扰量化评价及预测提供了一种有效手段。

关键词: 页岩气, 井间干扰程度评价, 井间干扰程度预测, 机器学习, K-Means, 随机森林

Abstract:

Inter-well interference seriously affects the production of shale gas wells. The evaluation and prediction of well interference degree is of great significance to the efficient development of shale gas. But the existing research mainly focuses on the interference phenomenon between shale gas wells, production performance, and parameter optimization through numerical simulation. There are few studies on the quantitative evaluation and prediction of the interference degree between shale gas wells, and the selected parameters is incomplete, which makes it difficult to objectively evaluate the well interference between shale gas wells. Therefore, the machine learning method is used to comprehensively consider the geological parameters and fracturing parameters to evaluate and predict the degree of interference between wells in the shale gas reservoir. Firstly, the initial data are processed to improve the data quality. Then, based on the processed data, cluster analysis and random forest algorithm are used to evaluate and predict the interference degree of shale gas wells. The results show that the proportions of the wells with low, medium and high well interference in the shale gas reservoirs are 25.93 %, 37.03 % and 37.04 %, respectively. The fracturing factors show significant influence on the well interference degree in the shale gas reservoirs. After parameters optimization, the prediction results of well interference degree reaches 92.07 %, indicating that the developed prediction model can be applied to forecast the well interference degree in shale gas reservoirs.

Key words: shale gas, well interference evaluation, well interference prediction, machine learning, K-Means, random forest

中图分类号:

TE37

张庆,何封,何佑伟. 基于机器学习的页岩气井井间干扰评价及预测[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2022, 12(3): 487-495.

ZHANG Qing,HE Feng,HE Youwei. Well interference evaluation and prediction of shale gas wells based on machine learning[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2022, 12(3): 487-495.

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井号		总含气量（m³/t）	压裂段数		压裂簇数	改造体积（10⁴m³）		水平段长（m）		压裂段长（m）		入地液量（m³）		入地砂量（t）
1		4.04	28		77	3 847.69		1 500		1 686		54 411.00		2 442.40
2		3.50	12		38	1 974.63		1 786		747		22 100.12		2 815.57
3		5.51	15		41	4 801.09		1 500		1 087		29 988.88		2 790.85
4		3.90	22		64	4 760.67		1 800		1 689		38 072.96		2 784.36
5		6.22	33		99	8 188.04		2 200		2 154		65 063.00		3 674.25
6		4.93	30		93	5 848.50		2 000		1 972		54 017.06		3 328.43
7		4.85	31		99	5 041.82		2 000		1 974		53 143.52		3 302.30
8		4.53	31		93	5 947.01		2 000		1 970		52 443.90		2 860.20
井号	渗透率（10^-6μm²）		孔隙度	平均累产气量（m³/d）			最小水平主应力（MPa）		脆性矿物含量（%）		黏土矿物含量（%）		井间干扰影响程度（%）
1	0.28		6.09	73 553.62			71.10		64.75		19.82		84
2	0.30		6.11	36 020.87			68.94		69.52		15.85		85
3	0.28		5.60	31 608.30			71.50		55.42		10.47		100
4	0.29		5.70	128 536.00			68.10		59.80		20.60		79
5	0.29		5.83	262 288.20			70.36		74.52		22.25		91
6	0.29		6.03	350 960.10			67.70		68.01		20.55		47
7	0.48		6.20	221 543.30			69.65		71.14		18.40		89
8	0.29		6.08	30 792.40			69.45		72.63		19.70		54

参数	Y₁	Y₂	Y₃	Y₄	Y₅	Y₆	Y₇	Y₈
平均累产气量	0.320 333	0.101 433	-0.332 990	-0.100 060	0.478 627	-0.050 270	0.037 667	0.424 910
压裂段数	0.416 403	-0.080 640	0.124 939	0.171 114	-0.110 600	-0.060 660	0.400 095	-0.017 620
压裂级数	0.440 225	-0.041 560	0.351 620	0.115 790	-0.277 470	-0.030 570	0.221 530	0.104 619
改造体积	0.178 355	-0.244 070	-0.127 860	0.073 144	0.357 113	-0.112 400	0.068 482	-0.548 110
水平段长	0.303 558	0.022 013	-0.562 230	-0.098 540	-0.323 940	0.393 068	-0.054 400	0.126 982
压裂段长	0.360 660	0.010 346	-0.035 770	0.138 368	0.047 098	-0.041 400	0.114 013	-0.306 540
入地液量	0.346 230	-0.327 860	0.342 088	-0.108 870	0.159 753	0.127 573	-0.223 240	0.236 313
入地砂量	0.105 936	-0.166 550	0.264 322	-0.236 370	0.329 727	0.285 875	-0.435 300	-0.174 210
渗透率	0.104 210	0.208 533	-0.005 220	-0.097 980	0.029 974	0.608 051	0.034 170	-0.030 270
孔隙度	0.131 329	0.788 948	0.290 244	-0.313 310	0.150 284	-0.102 290	0.091 473	-0.083 900
总含气量	0.145 061	0.322 258	-0.174 330	0.677 641	0.194 926	-0.020 280	-0.347 040	-0.104 310
最小水平主应力	-0.064 370	0.070 389	0.306 970	0.459 899	-0.086 270	0.114 290	-0.257 370	0.330 922
脆性矿物	0.223 720	0.101 532	-0.017 020	-0.169 200	-0.493 420	-0.128 880	-0.495 090	-0.329 260
黏土矿物	0.204 261	-0.032 390	-0.141 630	-0.195 640	-0.019 610	-0.561 910	-0.296 870	0.273 371

等级	Y₁	Y₂	Y₃	Y₄	Y₅	Y₆	Y₇	Y₈	井间干扰程度
等级低	0.585 049	0.218 316	-0.175 240	0.034 695	0.071 724	0.052 852	-0.004 221	-0.034 615	0.474 394
等级中	-0.644 967	-0.055 477	-0.055 778	0.016 812	0.055 988	0.035 766	-0.016 125	0.004 557	0.769 811
等级高	0.235 432	-0.097 344	0.178 446	-0.041 099	-0.106 195	-0.072 763	0.019 169	0.019 674	0.905 660

参数	最优值	参数	最优值
Random state	70	中间节点分枝所需最小样本数	6
树模型数量	41	分枝时考虑最大特征数	2