低渗稠油油藏降黏剂-CO2复合驱提高采收率机理研究

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2022.05.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

低渗稠油油藏实施CO₂驱是目前发展的主要提高采收率综合利用的技术,但受CO₂低黏度、高流度的影响,稠油油藏CO₂驱易过早气窜,为此探索了低渗稠油油藏CO₂-降黏剂降黏改善流度比调驱可行性,明确了低渗稠油油藏CO₂-水溶性降黏剂复合驱提高采收率机理。结果表明：KD-45A水溶性降黏剂在缺少外力搅拌的情况下,只能乳化原油表层以起到降黏效果,降黏效果较差,但降黏剂段塞能够改善因黏度差引起的油气过大的流度比,有效地控制CO₂沿气流通道突进;水溶性降黏剂乳化形成的O/W形乳状液过渡带黏度接近水相,能够防止水溶性降黏剂的指进,使降黏剂段塞对CO₂的调驱作用更加明显、CO₂的波及面积更大;CO₂在降黏剂中的溶解会降低CO₂-降黏体系剂的界面张力,充分发挥二者的协同驱油作用;CO₂溶于降黏剂后形成碳化水可以大幅降低重力和黏度差异对波及面积的影响,形成较为稳定连续的驱替界面,复合驱油体系的驱油机理相互协同、叠加,可大幅提高稠油采收率。

关键词: 低渗油藏, 稠油, 提高采收率, 水溶性降黏剂, CO₂复合驱

Abstract:

The implementation of CO₂ flooding in heavy oil reservoirs with low-permeability is currently the main comprehensive utilization technology for enhanced oil recovery. However, due to the low viscosity and high mobility of CO₂, CO₂ flooding in heavy oil reservoirs is prone to premature gas channeling. For this reason, the feasibility of low permeability heavy oil reservoirs with CO₂-viscosity reducer to reduce viscosity and improve mobility ratio has been explored, and the mechanism of the combined flooding of CO₂ and water-soluble viscosity reducer for low-permeability heavy oil reservoirs to EOR is obtained. The results show that the KD-45A water-soluble viscosity reducer can only emulsify the surface of crude oil to reduce the viscosity without external stirring. The viscosity reduction effect is poor, but the viscosity reducer slug can improve the mobility ratio caused by viscosity differences, which can effectively control the CO₂ rushing along the airflow channel. The O/W-shaped emulsion transition zone formed by the emulsification of the water-soluble viscosity reducer has a viscosity close to the water phase, which can prevent the fingering of the water-soluble viscosity reducer, so that the viscosity reducer slug has a more obvious control and displacement effect on CO₂, and the swept area of CO₂ is larger. The dissolution of CO₂ in the viscosity reducer will reduce the interfacial tension of the CO₂-viscosity reducer system, which can give full play to the synergy between the two displacement effect. The formation of carbonized water after CO₂ dissolves in the viscosity reducer can greatly reduce the influence of gravity and viscosity differences on the swept area, forming a relatively stable and continuous displacement interface. The displacement mechanisms of the combined flooding system are synergistic and superimposed, which can significantly improve the recovery rate of heavy oil.

Key words: low permeability reservoir, heavy oil, EOR, water-soluble viscosity reducer, CO₂ compound flooding

中图分类号:

TE357

郭德明,潘毅,孙扬,巢忠堂,李晓楠,程诗胜. 低渗稠油油藏降黏剂-CO₂复合驱提高采收率机理研究[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2022, 12(5): 794-802.

GUO Deming,PAN Yi,SUN Yang,CHAO Zhongtang,LI Xiaonan,CHENG Shisheng. EOR mechanism of viscosity reducer-CO₂ combined flooding in heavy oil reservoir with low permeability[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2022, 12(5): 794-802.

图/表 13

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注入气的摩尔分数（%）	膨胀系数	泡点压力（MPa）	饱和原油黏度（mPa·s）	界面张力（mN/m）
0	1. 00	2. 01	88. 08
10. 00	1. 01	3. 64	87. 72	4. 18
20. 00	1. 03	5. 56	83. 84	3. 46
30. 00	1. 05	7. 91	72. 13	2. 60
40. 00	1. 08	11. 05	71. 67	1. 58
50. 00	1. 12	16. 1	65. 66	0. 49
60. 00	1. 16	30. 8	62. 68	0. 01

岩心编号	直径（cm）	长度（cm）	孔隙度（%）	渗透率（10^-3μm²）	孔隙体积（cm³）
Z13-1	2. 53	7. 29	8. 25	0. 07	3. 07
Z13-2	2. 54	6. 89	6. 82	0. 08	2. 38
Z13-3	2. 53	2. 63	13. 91	3. 70	1. 03
Z13-4	2. 54	6. 27	5. 84	2. 01	1. 97
Z13-5	2. 53	7. 23	13. 20	2. 32	4. 80
Z13-6	2. 54	5. 29	12. 87	2. 66	4. 65
Z13-7	2. 54	6. 93	12. 74	3. 31	4. 68

参数	数值
油藏深度（m）	2 160
有效孔隙度（%）	16
渗透率（10^-3μm²）	16.6
单层厚度（m）	2~6
原始含油饱和度（%）	60
原始地层压力（MPa）	21.8
储层温度（℃）	91

方案	驱替方式	注入速度（m³/d）	交替驱频率	降黏剂体积分数（%）
1	水驱至含水率（82 %）后继续水驱	5
2	水驱至含水率（82 %）后CO₂驱	5
3	水驱至含水率（82 %）后降黏剂驱	5		0.5
4	水驱至含水率（82 %）+降黏剂/CO₂交替驱	5	一个月	0.5

低渗稠油油藏降黏剂-CO₂复合驱提高采收率机理研究

EOR mechanism of viscosity reducer-CO₂ combined flooding in heavy oil reservoir with low permeability

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