利用微震连续裂缝网络和视应力定量评价重复压裂效果

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.05.016

油气藏评价与开发 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (5): 872-880.doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.05.016

利用微震连续裂缝网络和视应力定量评价重复压裂效果

陆红军¹^,²(), 达引朋¹^,², 赵争光³(), 李磊⁴, 白晓虎¹^,², 李建辉¹^,², 田益博⁵

1.中国石油长庆油田分公司油气工艺研究院，陕西西安 710018
2.低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室，陕西西安 710018
3.华北科技学院，河北三河 065201
4.中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院，湖南长沙 410083
5.光软（北京）科技有限责任公司，北京 101199

收稿日期:2024-10-19 发布日期:2025-09-19 出版日期:2025-10-26
通讯作者: 赵争光（1988—），男，博士，讲师，主要从事微震、微动和分布式光纤监测技术研究。地址：河北省廊坊市三河市燕郊高新技术产业开发区学院大街467号华北科技学院立新楼718室，邮政编码：065201。E-mail：z.zhao@ncist.edu.cn
作者简介:陆红军（1972—），男，硕士，高级工程师，长期从事非常规油气藏增产改造和钻完井工艺技术研究工作。地址：陕西省西安市未央区明光路与凤城三路十字长庆油田油气院，邮政编码：710018。E-mail：lhj1_cq@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
中国石油科技项目“靖安长6油藏压舱石示范工程研究”(2023YOX10205);中国石油长庆油田分公司科技项目“油田低产水平井集成化产能恢复技术研究”(2024D4GY35);廊坊市科技支撑计划项目“基于分布式声波传感（DAS）的油气井双相流产液剖面技术研究”(2024011073);中南大学创新驱动计划项目“基于微地震精细反演的水力裂缝网络建模研究”(2023CXQD063)

Quantitative evaluation of refracturing effectiveness using microseismic-event-based continuous fracture network and apparent stress

LU Hongjun¹^,²(), DA Yinpeng¹^,², ZHAO Zhengguang³(), LI Lei⁴, BAI Xiaohu¹^,², LI JianhuI¹^,², TIAN Yibo⁵

1. Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710018, China
2. National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low Permeability Oil and Gas Fields, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710018, China
3. North China Institute of Science and Technology, Sanhe, Hebei 065201, China
4. School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
5. OptaSoft Technologies Co., Ltd., Beijing 101199, China

Received:2024-10-19 Online:2025-09-19 Published:2025-10-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

致密砂岩储层开采一段时间后产量下降，重复压裂改造是激活老裂缝、压开新裂缝并最终提高产量的一种可行措施。重复压裂不仅需要考虑排量、液量、砂量等施工参数，还要考虑是否采取原缝复压和加密补孔完井工艺。传统的基于微震监测结果的压裂施工效果评价方法主要是通过测量微震事件点云的几何分布来评价压裂造缝的尺寸和储层改造体积，该方法的缺点是无法定量评价不同施工参数条件下的裂缝复杂程度和不同完井工艺条件下的重复压裂新裂缝发育程度和范围。因此，提出一种利用微震事件构建的连续裂缝网络和视应力属性图评价重复压裂效果的方法，以微震事件的时空分布特征（包括时间顺序和空间分布），通过设定的几何连接准则（如最短路径原则）连接各事件点，从而形成水力裂缝网络。连续裂缝网络的分支指数属性用于定量分析水力裂缝网络复杂程度。视应力属性值通过微震事件能量、地震矩和剪切模量计算获得。视应力值较低代表重复压裂时老裂缝开启；视应力值较高代表重复压裂改造使储层产生大量新裂缝。这一规律可用于评价重复压裂新裂缝发育情况，将提出的方法应用于华庆油田1口致密砂岩油藏开发水平井压裂效果评价，结果表明：重复压裂在采用比首次压裂更高的排量和更大的液量（初次压裂排量≤3 m³/min，单段入地液量仅为200~350 m³；重复压裂排量介于6~8 m³/min，单段入地液量介于1 850~2 300 m³）时，致密砂岩油藏水平井采用原缝复压技术，相较于加密布缝，能够改造出更多的新裂缝和更复杂的水力裂缝网络。

关键词: 重复压裂, 微震监测, 离散裂缝网络, 连续裂缝网络, 分支指数, 视应力

Abstract:

For tight sandstone reservoirs experiencing production decline after a period of development, refracturing is a feasible solution to reactivate existing fractures, initiate new fractures, and ultimately enhance production. Refracturing requires consideration of not only operational parameters such as slurry rate, fluid volume, and sand volume, but also whether to adopt fracture reactivation along original fractures or infill perforation completion techniques. Traditional evaluation methods for fracturing operations based on microseismic monitoring results mainly assess fracture dimensions and stimulated reservoir volume by measuring the geometric distribution of microseismic event point clouds. However, these methods cannot quantitatively evaluate the complexity of fracture networks under different operational parameters and the development and extent of new fractures generated by refracturing under different completion techniques. Therefore, a method was proposed to evaluate refracturing effectiveness using continuous fracture networks and apparent stress attribute maps constructed from microseismic events. This method utilized the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of microseismic events (including temporal sequence and spatial distribution), and connected event points using defined geometric connection criteria (such as the shortest path principle) to build hydraulic fracture networks. The branch index attribute of the continuous fracture networks was used to quantitatively analyze the complexity of the hydraulic fracture networks. The apparent stress attribute values were calculated based on the energy, seismic moment, and shear modulus of the microseismic events. Lower apparent stress values indicated reactivation of existing fractures during refracturing, while higher values indicated that refracturing generated a large number of new fractures in the reservoir. This pattern could be used to evaluate the development of new fractures created by refracturing. The proposed method was applied to evaluate the refracturing effectiveness of a horizontal well in a tight sandstone reservoir in the Huaqing oilfield. The results showed that when refracturing was performed with higher slurry rates and larger fluid volumes than the initial frac (slurry rate ≤ 3 m³/min and fluid volume per stage ranging from 200~350 m³ for initial fracturing, while slurry rate ranging from 6~8 m³/min and fluid volume per stage ranging from 1 850~2 300 m³ for refracturing), the application of original fracture reactivation technology in horizontal wells of tight sandstone reservoirs enabled the formation of more new fractures and more complex hydraulic fracture networks compared to infill perforation.

Key words: refracturing, microseismic monitoring, discrete fracture network, continuous fracture network, branch index, apparent stress

中图分类号:

TE357

陆红军,达引朋,赵争光, 等. 利用微震连续裂缝网络和视应力定量评价重复压裂效果[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2025, 15(5): 872-880.

LU Hongjun,DA Yinpeng,ZHAO Zhengguang, et al. Quantitative evaluation of refracturing effectiveness using microseismic-event-based continuous fracture network and apparent stress[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2025, 15(5): 872-880.

图/表 8

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利用微震连续裂缝网络和视应力定量评价重复压裂效果

Quantitative evaluation of refracturing effectiveness using microseismic-event-based continuous fracture network and apparent stress

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