超临界CO2-H2O作用下不同煤阶煤体孔隙结构演化及分形特征

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.06.005

油气藏评价与开发 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (6): 995-1006.doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.06.005

超临界CO₂-H₂O作用下不同煤阶煤体孔隙结构演化及分形特征

宋学梅¹(), 张琨¹(), 董良², 马萌芽³, 刘会虎², 徐宏杰², 王智¹

1.煤炭无人化开采数智技术全国重点实验室，安徽淮南 232001
2.安徽理工大学地球与环境学院，安徽淮南 232001
3.安徽理工大学煤炭安全精准开采国家地方联合工程研究中心，安徽淮南 232001

收稿日期:2024-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-24 出版日期:2025-12-26
通讯作者: 张琨（1992—），男，博士，讲师，主要从事煤层气开发地质与工程的研究。地址：安徽省淮南市泰丰大街168号安徽理工大学，邮政编码：232001。E-mail： kzhang@aust.edu.cn
作者简介:宋学梅（2001—），女，在读硕士研究生，主要从事非常规天然气地质勘测与开发的研究。地址：安徽省淮南市泰丰大街168号安徽理工大学，邮政编码：232001。E-mail： songxuemei1133@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“深部不可采煤层CO2地质存储和垂向运移过程中顶板盖层封闭性演化特征与机理研究”(42202200);国家自然科学基金项目“地质封存条件下CO2-水作用的煤润湿性演变机理研究”(42472228);国家科技重大专项“深部碳储空间探测与地质评价”(2024ZD1004204);安徽理工大学引进人才科研启动基金项目“煤中微细粒黄铁矿的赋存与演化特征”(13230531);煤炭安全精准开采国家地方联合工程研究中心开放基金资助项目“煤中微细粒黄铁矿赋存地球化学特征及其演变机理研究”(EC2023027)

Evolution and fractal characteristics of pore structure in coals of different ranks under supercritical CO₂-H₂O

SONG Xuemei¹(), ZHANG Kun¹(), DONG Liang², MA Mengya³, LIU Huihu², XU Hongjie², WANG Zhi¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligent Technology for Unmanned Coal Mining, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China
2. School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China
3. Joint National-Local Engineering Research Centre for Safe and Precise Coal Mining, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China

Received:2024-09-25 Online:2025-10-24 Published:2025-12-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

深部煤层注入CO₂强化煤层气抽采兼具环保效益与经济效益，有广阔的发展前景。为探讨不同类型煤体在CO₂注入后的煤体结构变化情况，选用最大镜质体反射率（R_o，max）不同的5个样品，开展模拟煤层埋深为1 500 m温压条件下的超临界CO₂注入实验，利用低温N₂吸附法和压汞法测试注入前后煤样的孔隙结构变化特征，并采用分形理论定量比较其变化程度。N₂吸附实验结果显示：经过超临界CO₂-H₂O作用前后煤样孔容均随煤阶增加先减小后增大，在焦煤处形成拐点，孔容在微孔阶段（孔隙直径介于0~2 nm）增幅最大。压汞实验的孔容变化情况较为复杂，在过渡孔（孔隙直径介于>2~50 nm）和裂隙（孔隙直径大于1 000 nm）阶段增幅明显，这是由于超临界CO₂-H₂O反应增加了煤中的非有效连通孔隙，提升了煤样的局部连通性；部分样品反应后总孔容甚至有减小趋势，可能与脱落的矿物质堵塞孔隙有关。对反应前后样品的孔隙参数分形分析结果显示：不同样品的孔隙结构变化取决于煤体特征参数，低煤阶、高煤阶煤反应后孔容变化幅度更大，且矿物质含量越高变化程度更大。该研究有助于深入理解深部煤层CO₂注入对煤层孔隙结构的改造作用，可为CO₂地质封存与煤层气强化开发（CO₂-ECBM）工程选址提供参考。

关键词: 超临界CO₂, CO₂-ECBM, 煤阶, 孔隙变化, 分形

Abstract:

Injecting CO₂ into deep coal seams to enhance coalbed methane (CBM) extraction has both environmental and economic benefits, indicating broad development prospects. To investigate the structural changes of different types of coal after CO₂ injection, five samples with different maximum vitrinite reflectance (R_{o, max}) were selected to conduct supercritical CO₂ injection experiments under conditions simulating a coal seam burial depth of 1 500 m. The pore and fracture structures of the coal samples before and after injection were characterized using low-temperature N₂ adsorption and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The extent of changes was quantitatively compared using fractal theory. The results of N₂ adsorption experiments showed that the pore volume of the coal samples before and after supercritical CO₂-H₂O reaction initially decreased and then increased with increasing coal rank. An inflection point was formed at coking coal, with the most significant increase in pore volume observed within the micropore range (pore diameter 0~2 nm). The changes in pore volume observed in mercury intrusion porosimetry experiments were relatively complex, with significant increases in the transition pore range (pore diameter>2~50 nm) and fracture range (pore diameter>1 000 nm). This was because the supercritical CO₂-H₂O reaction increased the proportion of non-effective connected pores in the coal, enhancing the local connectivity of the coal samples. Furthermore, the total pore volume of some samples even showed a decreasing trend after reaction, likely due to the blockage of pores and fractures by detached minerals. The fractal analysis results of pore parameters before and after reaction showed that the changes in pore and fracture structure depended on the characteristic coal parameters. The changes in pore volume were more pronounced in low-rank and high-rank coals after the reaction, and the extent of change was more significant in samples with higher mineral content. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how CO₂ injection changes the pore structure of deep coal seams and can provide a reference for site selection in CO₂ geological storage and enhanced coalbed methane development (CO₂-ECBM) projects.

Key words: supercritical CO₂, CO₂-ECBM, coal rank, pore variation, fractal

中图分类号:

TE357

宋学梅,张琨,董良, 等. 超临界CO₂-H₂O作用下不同煤阶煤体孔隙结构演化及分形特征[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2025, 15(6): 995-1006.

SONG Xuemei,ZHANG Kun,DONG Liang, et al. Evolution and fractal characteristics of pore structure in coals of different ranks under supercritical CO₂-H₂O[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2025, 15(6): 995-1006.

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样品名称	煤级	R_{o, max}/%	工业分析组分质量分数/%				矿物检测
样品名称	煤级	R_{o, max}/%	M_ad	A_ad	V_daf	F_cd	碳酸盐矿物质量分数/%	硅酸盐矿物质量分数/%
刘庄（LZ）	气-肥煤	0.93	1.25	19.6	39.34	39.91	—	95.70
杨庄（YZ）	气-肥煤	0.94	1.66	14.3	19.60	65.24	10.69	83.88
新源（XY）	焦-瘦煤	1.81	0.81	5.35	15.26	80.20	6.84	86.69
新景（XJ）	无烟煤	2.64	1.66	10.02	10.10	80.89	4.07	87.32
寺河（SH）	无烟煤	3.33	1.48	13.12	6.32	81.39	13.82	74.50

样品编号	模拟埋深/m	储层环境
样品编号	模拟埋深/m	温度/℃	压力/MPa
LZ	1 500	48.0	15
YZ	1 500	47.5	15
XY	1 500	43.0	15
XJ	1 500	50.0	15
SH	1 500	62.5	15

样品编号	反应情况	总孔隙体积/（mL/g）	有效连通孔隙体积/（mL/g）	非连通孔隙体积/（mL/g）
LZ	反应前	0.008 704	0.004 365	0.004 339
LZ	反应后	0.021 555	0.013 548	0.008 007
YZ	反应前	0.036 914	0.019 761	0.017 153
YZ	反应后	0.038 246	0.021 458	0.016 788
XY	反应前	0.038 400	0.032 100	0.006 300
XY	反应后	0.047 740	0.020 494	0.027 246
XJ	反应前	0.034 600	0.030 200	0.004 400
XJ	反应后	0.031 051	0.020 397	0.010 654
SH	反应前	0.032 500	0.029 000	0.003 500
SH	反应后	0.027 141	0.014 656	0.012 485

超临界CO₂-H₂O作用下不同煤阶煤体孔隙结构演化及分形特征

Evolution and fractal characteristics of pore structure in coals of different ranks under supercritical CO₂-H₂O

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