基于水锤效应与倒谱变换的停泵压力分析方法

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2023.01.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

裂缝实时监测评价是水平井多段压裂过程中的一个核心问题，长期以来受到大量学者的关注。压裂施工停泵期间的压力包括水锤压力和渗流压力两部分，通过在井口安装高频压力装置，不仅可以采集停泵压降曲线，还可以完整地采集到水锤波波形曲线。通过对井筒水锤控制方程的数值求解，获得模拟的水锤波压力数据。对模拟的水锤波压力进行倒谱分析验证了水锤波产生的压力具有卷积特性，根据波阻抗及倒谱分析相关理论，利用水锤波可判断水平井多簇压裂的裂缝簇数与深度。在四川页岩气井的现场应用表明：该方法能够发现5个进液点，其中4个进液点的反演结果与4个射孔位置接近，设计中剩余的4簇孔对应的进液点在倒谱分析中并没有监测到。

关键词: 高频压力监测, 停泵数据分析, 倒谱分析, 水平井多段压裂, 裂缝参数反演, 进液点位置

Abstract:

Real-time monitoring and evaluation of fractures is one of the core issues in the multi-stage fracturing process of horizontal wells, and has long been a focus of many scholars. During the fracturing construction, the pressure during pump shutdown includes water hammer pressure and seepage pressure. By installing a high-frequency pressure device at the wellhead, not only the pump shutdown pressure drop curve but also the water hammer waveform curve can be completely collected. In this paper, the simulated pressure data are obtained by numerically solving the governing equation of wellbore water hammer. The cepstrum analysis of the simulated water hammer pressure verifies that the pressure generated by the water hammer has convolution characteristics. According to the related theory of wave impedance and cepstrum analysis, the water hammer wave can be used to determine the number of fracture clusters and the depth in multi-cluster fracturing of horizontal wells. The field application in Sichuan shale gas well shows that this method can find five liquid inlet points, of which the inversion results of four liquid inlet points are close to four perforation positions, and the remaining four clusters of holes in the design correspond to the liquid inlet points It was not detected in the cepstrum analysis.

Key words: high-frequency pressure monitoring, data analysis of pump shutdown, cepstrum analysis, multi-stage hydraulic fracturing for horizontal well, inversion of fracture parameter, liquid inlet location

中图分类号:

TE357

王晓强,赵立安,王志愿等. 基于水锤效应与倒谱变换的停泵压力分析方法[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2023, 13(1): 108-116.

Xiaoqiang WANG,Li’an ZHAO,Zhiyuan WANG, et al. Data analysis method of pump shutdown pressure based on water hammer effect and cepstrum transformation[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2023, 13(1): 108-116.

图/表 8

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

数值模拟参数取值"

参数名称	符号	取值
井指数[MPa/（m³·d^-1）]	$R$	5×10^-5
井筒存储常数（m³/MPa）	$C$	0.02
惯性系数（kg/m⁴）	$I$	100
井筒截面积（m²）	$A$	1.52×10^-2
波速（m/s）	c	1 194

表1

图5

图6

表2

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簇号	射孔顶、底（m）	倒谱峰值时间（s）	倒谱反演位置（m）
1	2 334.5~2 335.0	3.91	2 336.43
2	2 326.0~2 326.5
3	2 317.5~2 318.0
4	2 309.0~2 309.5	3.87	2 311.20
5	2 300.5~2 301.0	3.85	2 300.01
6	2 292.0~2 292.5
7	2 283.5~2 284.0	3.83	2 286.57
8	2 274.0~2 274.5
9	2 264.5~2 265.0	3.79	2 268.37