极端耗水层带形成机制及流场调控增效模式——以陆相砂岩特高含水后期整装油田为例

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024.02.009

油气藏评价与开发 ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (2): 237-246.doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024.02.009

极端耗水层带形成机制及流场调控增效模式——以陆相砂岩特高含水后期整装油田为例

束宁凯¹(),刘丽杰²,姚秀田³,黄迎松²,赖枫鹏⁴,崔文富⁵

1.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院，北京 102206
2.中国石化胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院，山东东营 257015
3.中国石化胜利油田分公司孤岛采油厂，山东东营 257231
4.中国地质大学（北京）能源学院，北京 100083
5.中国石化胜利油田分公司胜利采油厂，山东东营 257400

收稿日期:2023-05-31 发布日期:2024-05-07 出版日期:2024-04-26
作者简介:束宁凯（1993—），女，博士，工程师，主要从事油田开发地质及提高采收率理论与技术研究。地址：北京市昌平区沙河镇百沙路197号中国石化科学技术研究中心，邮政编码：102206。E-mail: snk.syky@sinopec.com
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项“胜利油田特高含水期提高采收率技术”(2016zx05011);中国石化重点科技项目“胜坨油田特高含水期深度开发关键技术”(P20070-4)

Formation mechanism of extreme water consumption zone and synergistic mode of flow field regulation: A case study of uncompartmentalized oilfield of continental sandstone in the late stage of ultra-high water cut

SHU Ningkai¹(),LIU Lijie²,YAO Xiutian³,HUANG Yingsong²,LAI Fengpeng⁴,CUI Wenfu⁵

1. Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute, Beijing 102206, China
2. Exploration and Development Research Institute, Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Company, Dongying, Shandong 257015, China
3. Gudao Oil Production Plant, Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Company, Dongying, Shandong 257231, China
4. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences（Beijing ）, Beijing 100083, China
5. Shengli Oil Production Plant, Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Company, Dongying, Shandong 257400, China

Received:2023-05-31 Online:2024-05-07 Published:2024-04-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以胜利油区陆相砂岩油藏整装油田为代表，主力单元进入特高含水后期（含水率大于95%），局部区域出现极端耗水现象，水油比急剧上升，注入水利用率大幅下降，吨油操作成本成倍增加，经济效益变差，但油藏中还有60%左右剩余地质储量。注入水沿着极端耗水层带窜流是制约陆相砂岩整装油田特高含水后期效益开发的关键问题。以提高特高含水老油田开发效益为目标，明晰了极端耗水层带形成机制及调控机理，建立了基于老井的变流线调控极端耗水层带扩波及方法，形成特高含水后期油藏精准描述及调控极端耗水层带扩波及的效益开发技术体系。通过应用流场调控技术，使传统认为含水率98%近废弃油藏开展示范应用，基于极端耗水层带流场调控经济寿命期延长10 a以上，产油量大幅增加，含水率下降，吨油操作成本下降，实现了特高含水后期老油田低成本开发。

关键词: 陆相油藏, 特高含水后期, 极端耗水层带, 流场调控, 增效模式, 关键技术

Abstract:

Represented by the integrated oilfield of the continental sandstone reservoir in Shengli Oil Zone, the main unit of which has entered the late stage of ultra-high water cut（>95%）. This stage has led to significant challenges, including extreme water consumption in certain areas, a sharp increase in the water-to-oil ratio, a marked decline in the utilization rate of injected water, rising operating costs per ton of oil, and diminishing economic returns. Despite these issues, approximately 60% of the remaining geological reserves are still present in the reservoir, making the widespread drilling of new wells economically unfeasible. The primary obstacles to profitable development at this stage include the preferential flow of injected water through zones of extreme water consumption and limited dynamic sweep efficiency. Addressing the identification, description, and management of these extreme water consumption zones is crucial for achieving profitable development in maturing oilfields with ultra-high water cuts. This paper suggests a comprehensive approach to tackle these challenges. It involves understanding the formation and control mechanisms of extreme water consumption zones, characterizing reservoir heterogeneity based on configuration and lithology, quantitatively describing the distribution of these zones, and devising strategies to regulate their expansion using variable streamlines in existing wells. The goal is to develop a suite of profitable development technologies that enable precise reservoir characterization and effective management of extreme water consumption zones in the late ultra-high water cut stage. Traditionally, a reservoir with a 98% water cut is considered nearly depleted. However, by applying key technologies for flow field regulation and benefit enhancement to a demonstration unit within such a reservoir, its economic lifespan can be extended by over a decade. This approach can stabilize annual oil production, reduce water cut, lower operating costs per ton of oil, and facilitate low-cost development in maturing oilfields at the late ultra-high water cut stage, thereby addressing the economic and operational challenges inherent in this phase of development.

Key words: continental reservoir, the late stage of ultra-high water cut, extreme water consumption zone, flow field regulation, benefit enhancement mode, key technology

中图分类号:

TE341

束宁凯,刘丽杰,姚秀田等. 极端耗水层带形成机制及流场调控增效模式——以陆相砂岩特高含水后期整装油田为例[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2024, 14(2): 237-246.

Ningkai SHU,Lijie LIU,Xiutian YAO, et al. Formation mechanism of extreme water consumption zone and synergistic mode of flow field regulation: A case study of uncompartmentalized oilfield of continental sandstone in the late stage of ultra-high water cut[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2024, 14(2): 237-246.

图/表 14

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单元名称	地下原油黏度/ （mPa·s）	渗透率/ 10^-3μm²	渗透率级差	突变点时机
单元名称	地下原油黏度/ （mPa·s）	渗透率/ 10^-3μm²	渗透率级差	含水/ %	采出程度/ %
埕4馆3-4砂组	44.0	2 550	10.1	96.7	41.4
埕24馆2-3砂组	44.0	2 520	10.1	95.9	28.9
胜二区沙二3砂组	11.0	2 100	4.1	93.0	28.0
胜一区坨103沙二 8砂组	2.5	372	11.9	93.7	46.8
胜二区沙二8砂组 3-5小层	24.0	2 400	5.8	93.5	30.5
孤东七西馆5砂组 2-3小层	38.4	1 767	1.7	96.3	36.4
孤岛中二中馆5砂组	298.0	1 870	10.5	92.4	20.7
坨28块东一段	409.0	816	3.3	93.0	11.6
平均值				94.3	30.5

序号	渗透率/ 10^-3μm²	含水/ %	采出程度/ %	注入倍数	是否上翘	瞬间吸水量/（mL/min）
1	3 042	98.7	58.4	5.40	是	2.870
2	2 141	85.0	39.3	1.10	否	1.607
3	1 035	74.5	27.9	0.53	否	0.023
合采	2 072	96.0	46.6	2.40	是	4.500

沉积相	第一种平板模型渗透率/10^-3 μm²			第二种平板模型渗透率/10^-3 μm²
沉积相	左区	中区	右区	左区	中区	右区
河道边缘Ⅲ	575	500	571	496	500	513
河道边缘Ⅱ	972	1 000	939	2 280	2 000	2 180
主河道Ⅰ	2 830	3 000	2940	4 990	5 000	4 950
河道边缘Ⅱ	967	1 000	930	2 140	2 000	2 250
河道边缘Ⅲ	480	500	494	498	500	506

极端耗水层带类型	剩余油分布特征	流场调控模式	典型单元
平面极端耗水带	非主流线等弱驱部分剩余油富集	井网转换	孤岛西区北馆3—4砂组
层间极端耗水层	次主力层、非主力层剩余油富集	纵向细分	胜坨油田坨11南沙二8砂组
层内极端耗水段	层内中上部剩余油富集	整体侧钻	孤东七区西馆5砂组2—3小层

极端耗水层带形成机制及流场调控增效模式——以陆相砂岩特高含水后期整装油田为例

Formation mechanism of extreme water consumption zone and synergistic mode of flow field regulation: A case study of uncompartmentalized oilfield of continental sandstone in the late stage of ultra-high water cut

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