页岩油蓄能体积压裂开发效果预测与评价方法

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024.05.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蓄能体积压裂（以下简称蓄压）是页岩油藏提前补充地层能量、大幅提升单井产量的主要开发方式，应用广泛。通过渗吸与驱替机理结合实际生产数据统计分析，提出了根据返排率预测蓄压开发阶段最大累计产油量方法。研究结果表明：返排率30%之后，蓄压的累计产油量与返排率对数呈强线性相关，可预测压后单井最大累计产油量；该方法已经得到其他页岩油藏实际生产数据的实证，较递减曲线分析法更加准确且更具普适性，是对储层条件、压裂规模与工艺、焖排采工作制度等主客观因素的综合评价。返排率法可进一步确定液油比和合理返排速度。蓄压排采的平均返排速度控制在6~8 m³/（d·km），与渗吸排油速度相匹配，能够更加高效地利用蓄压补充的弹性能量，取得较高采收率和较低的液油比。单井压后最大可采油量的返排率预测法为蓄压的经济效益评价、生产制度优化、压裂成本控制等提供了依据，对地质-工程一体化、优化井网井距和压裂设计具有重要指导意义。

关键词: 返排率, 蓄能, 压裂, 采收率, 累计产油量

Abstract:

Energy storage volume fracturing is a pivotal early development technique for shale reservoirs, designed to supplement reservoir energy preemptively and significantly boost single well production. A method for predicting the maximum cumulative oil production during the development stage of energy storage fracturing is proposed, based on the mechanisms of imbibition and displacement coupled with the statistical analysis of actual production data. The results demonstrate that following a 30% flowback ratio, the cumulative oil production from energy storage fracturing exhibits a strong linear relationship with the logarithm of the flowback ratio. This relationship can predict the maximum cumulative oil production of a single well after fracturing. Validated by actual production data from other shale reservoirs, this method proves to be more accurate and universal than the decline curve analysis method. It encompasses a comprehensive evaluation of subjective and objective factors such as reservoir conditions, fracturing scale and technology, production system design, and drainage efficiency. Additionally, the method facilitates the determination of the liquid-to-oil ratio and the reasonable flowback rate. By controlling the average rate of discharge and production within the range of 6~8 m³/（d·km）, which aligns with the rates of oil drainage and imbibition, higher oil recovery and a lower liquid-to-oil ratio are achieved. This prediction method for maximum recoverable oil post-single well fracturing provides a basis for the economic benefit evaluation, production system optimization, and fracturing cost control of energy storage fracturing. It holds significant guiding importance for geological-engineering integration, well spacing optimization, and fracturing design.

Key words: flowback ratio, energy storage, fracturing, oil recovery, cumulative oil production

中图分类号:

TE349

许宁,陈哲伟,许琬晨等. 页岩油蓄能体积压裂开发效果预测与评价方法[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2024, 14(5): 741-748.

XU Ning,CHEN Zhewei,XU Wanchen, et al. Prediction and evaluation method for development effect of shale oil storage volume fracturing[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2024, 14(5): 741-748.

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井号	层位	水平段长度/m	总入地液量/m³	阶段累计产油量/t	目前日产油量/t	生产时间/d	见油前排液速度/(m³/d)	F-EUR/t			蓄压采收率/%	液油比/(m³/t)	平均返排速度/(m³/d)
井号	层位	水平段长度/m	总入地液量/m³	阶段累计产油量/t	目前日产油量/t	生产时间/d	见油前排液速度/(m³/d)	递减曲线法	返排率法		蓄压采收率/%	液油比/(m³/t)	平均返排速度/(m³/d)
QLL86H601	长6段3砂岩组 1小层	832.0	11 185.4	3 360	6.01	334	32.4	4 072		6 474	7.45	2.07	13.7
N175-H1	长8段2砂岩组	1 110.4	19 072.0	6 490	3.63	1 010	80.6	7 264		9 437	7.02	2.81	13.7
N175-H2	长8段2砂岩组	1 157.8	14 556.0	1 401	0	669	18.4			1 520	0.88	9.58	19.9
N175-H3	长8段2砂岩组	1 562.1	21 556.0	5 645	3.62	669	23.1			8 681	3.75	2.48	15.6
N179-H601	长6段2砂岩组	1 477.3	26 246.0	5 559	11.07	530	32.5			12 735	7.31	2.03	15.2
N218-H1	长8段1砂岩组	1 142.0	14 590.0	11 732	19.90	775	27.1			21 970	18.81	0.66	9.9
L83-H1	长6段3砂岩组 4小层	990.7	15 232.0	4 286	3.68	964	43.6	4 559		4 950	6.58	2.56	8.8
B24-H1	长8段1砂岩组	774.0	6 530.9	2 662	2.91	689	12.1	5 469		7 225	9.32	0.90	4.1
Z161-H701	长7段1砂岩组	1 299.2	31 270.0	5 296	9.55	626	31.0	13 066		14 124	8.88	2.21	13.8
L208-H1	长2段2砂岩组	850.6	7 749.3	3 117	10.54	445	18.5			7 828	10.39	1.76	11.6
L208-H2	长2段2砂岩组	739.0	7 024.9	4 528	12.27	445	20.3	10 148		10 988	16.01	0.96	7.7
L63-H202	长2段2砂岩组	728.0	6 216.3	3 707	8.12	426	15.8	7 991		7 196	9.83	0.86	6.6

井号	层位	水平段长/m	入地液量/m³	已产时间/d	阶段累计产油量/t	日产油量/ t	现返排率/ %	F-EUR/ t	相关系数	采收率/ %	液油比/（m³/t）	最大日产液量/m³	平均返排速度/（m³/d）
HP1	长7段	1 500	15 498	3 139	28 633	5.90	50.4	44 557	0.992 3	19.4	0.35	28.5	8.8
HP2	长7段	1 500	13 970	3 157	25 975	5.10	62.3	40 213	0.991 9	17.5	0.35	24.3	11.1
HP3	长7段	1 500	13 959	3 201	26 973	6.52	60.4	41 674	0.994 2	18.2	0.33	23.8	9.0
HP4	长7段	1 500	14 274	3 214	27 436	7.06	59.4	41 861	0.991 2	18.3	0.34	24.0	6.2
HP5	长7段	1 500	16 186	2 984	24 994	6.42	40.8	48 188	0.991 6	21.0	0.34	24.0	11.0
HP6	长7段	1 500	14 220	2 958	28 372	6.84	53.0	43 596	0.984 8	19.0	0.33	24.1	10.0
HP7	长7段	1 500	7 452	3 170	30 386	8.42	80.9	35 238	0.991 3	15.4	0.21	25.0	9.4
HP8	长7段	1 500	11 055	3 176	27 356	8.26	82.2	32 096	0.998 8	14.0	0.34	23.4	9.0
HP9	长7段	1 500	11 332	2 952	27 552	6.90	87.5	30 189	0.988 6	13.2	0.38	30.1	15.5
HP10	长7段	1 500	20 057	2 937	21 268	4.61	73.7	25 622	0.991 8	11.2	0.78	26.0	12.2
NP1	长7段	1 206	9 628	3 142	12 835	3.94	53.4	17 088	0.982 1	9.3	0.56	9.0	6.1
NP6	长7段	1 800	19 578	2 538	17 653	5.39	36.0	25 305	0.994 6	9.2	0.77	15.9	7.6
NP7	长7段	1 800	23 089	2 544	9 997	3.16	24.8	19 168	0.996 8	7.0	1.20	16.2	14.0
NP8	长7段	1 800	16 236	2 473	19 305	4.71	43.1	37 891	0.991 2	13.8	0.43	20.8	9.9
NP9	长7段	1 800	20 897	2 445	12 372	4.81	29.1	25 028	0.989 9	9.1	0.83	17.4	11.8
平均			15 162	2 935	22 740	5.87	55.8	33 848	0.991 4	14.4	0.50	22.2	10.1