湖南长沙盆地中深层地热地质特征及资源潜力评价

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.05.019

油气藏评价与开发 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (5): 900-911.doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.05.019

湖南长沙盆地中深层地热地质特征及资源潜力评价

朱兆群¹(), 吴复柱¹(), 边凯¹, 蒋飞军², 赵存良¹, 李丹¹, 石守桥¹

1.河北工程大学地球科学与工程学院，河北邯郸 056038
2.湖南省地球物理地球化学调查所，湖南长沙 410014

收稿日期:2024-09-18 发布日期:2025-09-19 出版日期:2025-10-26
通讯作者: 吴复柱（1988—），男，博士，副教授，从事地热资源评价、水文地质等方面的研究。地址：河北省邯郸市经济技术开发区太极路19号，邮政编码：056038。E-mail：wufuzhu@hebeu.edu.cn
作者简介:朱兆群（1986—），男，博士，讲师，从事油气藏开发地质、油气及地热资源评价等方面的研究。地址：河北省邯郸市经济技术开发区太极路19号，邮政编码：056038。E-mail：zzq86@126.com
基金资助:
湖南省重点研发计划项目“湖南中深层地下热水勘查及资源化利用关键技术研究”(2022SK2070);湖南省地质院科研项目“湖南省中深层地下热水成因机制与靶区优选研究”(HNGSTP202211);河北省自然科学基金项目“基于过程驱动的浅水湖盆三角洲沉积模式及形成机制研究”(D2025402026)

Geological characteristics and potential evaluation of medium-deep geothermal resources in Changsha Basin, Hunan Province

ZHU Zhaoqun¹(), WU Fuzhu¹(), BIAN Kai¹, JIANG Feijun², ZHAO Cunliang¹, LI Dan¹, SHI Shouqiao¹

1. School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, China
2. Geophysical and Geochemical Survey Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410014, China

Received:2024-09-18 Online:2025-09-19 Published:2025-10-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

湖南省一次能源禀赋相对匮乏，地热能作为一种可替代能源，对优化能源结构、推动可持续发展具有重要意义。长期以来，湖南省地热勘探主要聚焦于隆起山地型水热资源，对沉积盆地内水热资源关注不足。近年来，长沙盆地展现出良好的地热资源潜力，然而对其地质特征、成因机制及储量规模等尚缺乏充分认识。综合前人成果及钻探资料，系统梳理分析了长沙盆地地热系统的“源、储、盖、通”等地质要素，建立了地热成因模式，并采用蒙特卡罗模拟方法对地热资源量进行了定量评估。研究表明：长沙盆地中深层地热的主要热源为拉张背景下地幔物质上隆带来的幔源传导热，热储层以上古生界碳酸盐岩为主，地下水环境相对封闭，水岩作用时间较长，盖层厚度及盆地内部结构产状对地温场分布产生影响，区域断裂和孔洞裂隙发育的储层构成良好的导热通道。长沙盆地中深层地热资源量平均为9.85×10⁸ GJ，相当于0.34×10⁸ t标准煤，能够满足约176.68×10⁸ m²的供暖需求，整体地热开发经济性较高，适宜开采，具有较好的社会、经济和环境效益。研究成果可为长沙盆地中深层地热资源勘探开发以及湖南沉积盆地型地热资源评价提供一定指导和参考。

关键词: 地热成因模式, 沉积盆地型, 地热资源评价, 蒙特卡罗模拟, 长沙盆地

Abstract:

Hunan Province has relatively scarce primary energy resources. As an alternative energy source, geothermal energy is significant for optimizing the energy structure and promoting sustainable development. Historically, geothermal exploration in Hunan Province has primarily focused on uplifted mountain-type hydrothermal resources, with insufficient attention on hydrothermal resources in sedimentary basins. In recent years, Changsha Basin has demonstrated promising geothermal resource potential. However, its geological characteristics, formation mechanisms, and reserve scale remain inadequately understood. Based on previous research findings and drilling data, this study systematically analyzed key geological elements of the geothermal system in the Changsha Basin, including heat source, reservoir, caprock, and conduit. A geothermal genesis model was constructed. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulation was used to conduct a quantitative evaluation of the geothermal resource potential. The results indicated that the primary heat source for the medium-deep geothermal resources in the Changsha Basin was mantle-derived conductive heat, resulting from mantle material uplift under an extensional tectonic regime. The geothermal reservoir mainly consisted of Upper Paleozoic carbonate rocks, with a relatively closed groundwater environment and prolonged water-rock interaction. The thickness of the caprock and the structural configuration of the basin interior influenced the geothermal field distribution. Regional faults and the development of pores and fractures provided good thermal conduction pathways. The average geothermal resource in the Changsha Basin was 9.85×10⁸ GJ, equivalent to 0.34×10⁸ t of standard coal, which could meet the heating demand for approximately 176.68×10⁸ m² of building area. Overall, the geothermal resources in this region are economically viable for development, with good social, economic, and environmental benefits. These findings can provide a reference for the exploration and development of medium-deep geothermal resources in the Changsha Basin, as well as for the evaluation of sedimentary basin-type geothermal resources in Hunan Province.

Key words: geothermal genesis model, sedimentary basin type, geothermal resource evaluation, Monte Carlo simulation, Changsha Basin

中图分类号:

TE01

朱兆群,吴复柱,边凯, 等. 湖南长沙盆地中深层地热地质特征及资源潜力评价[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2025, 15(5): 900-911.

ZHU Zhaoqun,WU Fuzhu,BIAN Kai, et al. Geological characteristics and potential evaluation of medium-deep geothermal resources in Changsha Basin, Hunan Province[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2025, 15(5): 900-911.

图/表 13

图1

图2

图3

表1

长沙盆地地热1井（DR01孔）上古生界碳酸盐岩热储水化学分析数据"

分析项目		质量分数/(mg/L)	分析项目		质量分数/(mg/L)	分析项目		质量分数/(mg/L)
阳离子	K⁺	13.20	阳离子	Cl^-	159.41	其他	总碱度	272.97
	Na⁺	54.00		$S O 4 2 -$	5.00		总硬度	354.18
	Ca²⁺	89.54		$H C O 3 -$	332.86		pH 值	8.01
	Mg²⁺	31.74		$C O 3 2 -$	6.13		偏硅酸	32.18
	$N H 4 +$	1.00		$H O 3 -$	0.20		溶解性总固体	551.00

表1

图4

图5

图6

表2

图7

表3

表4

图8

图9

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评价参数	参数分布及取值依据		评价参数			评价参数	参数分布及取值依据
水密度ρ_w/（kg/m³）			水比热容c_w/（J/kg·℃）			热储密度ρ_r/（kg/m³）
最小值=983，中间值=994，最大值=1 000 主要依据：相关规范标准及测试结果			最小值=4 177，最大值=4 185 主要依据：相关规范标准及测试结果			μ=2 870，σ=10 主要依据：相关规范标准及测试结果
热储比热容c_r/（J/kg·℃）			热储孔隙度φ/%			弹性释水系数S/10^-3
μ=570，σ=20 主要依据：相关规范标准及测试结果			最小值=0.2，中间值=0.5，最大值=1.2 主要依据：区域地质资料及钻探情况			最小值=1，最大值=5 主要依据：区域水文测验资料
评价参数	参数分布及取值依据			评价参数	参数分布及取值依据
评价参数	湘湖渔场评价区	大托铺评价区		评价参数	湘湖渔场评价区		大托铺评价区
热储面积A/km²				热储厚度d/m
A=12.0 A=68 主要依据：地质推断结合部分钻孔和物探资料				μ=200，σ=10 μ=200，σ=20 主要依据：钻孔测温资料和部分物探资料
热储温度T_r/℃				水头高度H/m
最小值=27，中间值=30，最大值=35；最小值=54，中间值=57，最大值=61 主要依据：钻孔测温资料				最小值=150，最大值=1 000；最小值=450，最大值=1 200 主要依据：区域水文测验结果

统计参数	总地热储量/10¹⁶ J	岩石热储量/10¹⁶ J	流体热储量/10¹⁵ J	流体储存量/10⁷ m³	静态储存量/10⁷ m³	弹性储存量/10⁷ m³
中位数	5.40	5.20	1.87	3.37	1.46	1.79
均值	5.46	5.26	2.01	3.59	1.52	2.07
标准差	0.78	0.76	0.80	1.34	0.51	1.24
最小值	2.92	2.78	0.37	0.77	0.45	0.18
最大值	9.58	9.23	6.04	8.72	3.30	5.97
2.5%分布值	4.10	3.94	0.83	1.55	0.68	0.40
97.5%分布值	7.09	6.83	3.84	6.60	2.59	4.39

统计参数	总地热储量/10¹⁸ J	岩石热储量/10¹⁸ J	流体热储量/10¹⁶ J	流体储存量/10⁸ m³	静态储存量/10⁸ m³	弹性储存量/10⁸ m³
中位数	0.92	0.88	4.05	2.44	0.82	1.56
均值	0.93	0.89	4.24	2.54	0.86	1.68
标准差	0.11	0.11	1.44	0.86	0.30	0.80
最小值	0.50	0.48	1.04	0.65	0.21	0.31
最大值	1.51	1.43	9.62	5.68	2.09	4.08
2.5%分布值	0.73	0.69	1.95	1.18	0.38	0.50
97.5%分布值	1.15	1.11	7.38	4.40	1.51	3.46

湖南长沙盆地中深层地热地质特征及资源潜力评价

Geological characteristics and potential evaluation of medium-deep geothermal resources in Changsha Basin, Hunan Province

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