沁水盆地南部3号煤煤层气稀有气体同位素特征及氦的稀释

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.05.021

油气藏评价与开发 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (5): 921-932.doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.05.021

沁水盆地南部3号煤煤层气稀有气体同位素特征及氦的稀释

徐聃¹^,²^,³(), 张聪⁴, 贾慧敏⁴, 李玉宏¹^,²^,³, 秦胜飞²^,⁵, 张文²^,⁶, 周俊林¹^,²^,³, 马尚伟¹^,²^,³, 范焱¹^,²^,³

1.中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心，陕西西安 710119
2.中国地质调查局氦气调查研究中心，陕西西安 710119
3.中国地质调查局北方古生界油气地质重点实验室，陕西西安 710119
4.中国石油华北油田山西煤层气勘探开发分公司，山西长治 046000
5.中国石油勘探开发研究院，北京 100083
6.中国地质科学院地质研究所，北京 100037

收稿日期:2025-01-16 发布日期:2025-09-19 出版日期:2025-10-26
作者简介:徐聃（1991—），男，硕士，助理工程师，主要从事油气及非常规能源地质调查工作。地址：陕西省西安市长安区常宁新区仓台西路555号，邮政编码：710119。E-mail：xdan@mail.cgs.gov.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划“复杂地质介质中氦气运聚及富氦气藏封盖机制研究”(2021YFA0719003);中国地质调查局战略性矿产资源调查评价项目“氦气资源调查评价与示范”(DD20230026);中国地质调查局战略性矿产资源调查评价项目“汾渭盆地氦气资源勘查示范”(DD20230268);陕西省重点研发计划“俄罗斯-中亚氦气资源潜力评价与可利用性研究”(2024GH-YBXM-04)

Noble gas isotopic characteristics and helium dilution of coalbed methane from the third coal seam in southern Qinshui Basin

XU Dan¹^,²^,³(), ZHANG Cong⁴, JIA Huimin⁴, LI Yuhong¹^,²^,³, QIN Shengfei²^,⁵, ZHANG Wen²^,⁶, ZHOU Junlin¹^,²^,³, MA Shangwei¹^,²^,³, FAN Yan¹^,²^,³

1. Xi’an Center, China Geological Survey, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119, China
2. Research Center for Helium, China Geological Survey, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119, China
3. Key Laboratory of Palaeozoic Oil and Gas Geology in North China, China Geological Survey, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119, China
4. Shanxi Coalbed Methane Exploration and Development Company, PetroChina Huabei Oilfield, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
5. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China
6. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

Received:2025-01-16 Online:2025-09-19 Published:2025-10-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氦气作为关键战略性资源，储量十分有限，但其在气藏中的富集与稀释机制尚未明确。稀有气体同位素在表征气相与地下水相互作用方面发挥着重要作用。对沁水盆地南部3号煤煤层气中稀有气体组分含量和同位素进行测试分析，明确该区域煤层气中稀有气体同位素组成特征，建立氦气成藏模式。采集13口煤层气生产井的气体样品，结果显示：煤层气中氦含量普遍比空气中高一个数量级，氦同位素³He/⁴He值为0.002 9~0.021 8 R_a，幔源贡献极低（0~0.31%）；²⁰Ne/²²Ne值为10.09~10.43，²¹Ne/²²Ne值为0.029 6~0.031 9，均略高于空气值，²¹Ne相对空气过剩；⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar值为295.23~779.44，整体大于空气值，受壳源⁴⁰Ar年代累积效应显著影响；氪和氙的同位素特征与空气类似。氦产量定量计算揭示，自生自储煤层气系统中存在来自煤层外部的⁴He通量。⁴He与²⁰Ne的线性关系表明，氦在脱气进入气藏前溶解于地下水中，从煤层解吸的甲烷稀释了地下水伴生气中的氦（氖、氩），因此，品位较低的气藏反而更容易富集氦气。氦气主要分布在具有有效氦源岩、古老地下水系统、高效运移通道和适当生烃强度的地区，这为在煤层气中寻找氦气资源提供了理论基础。瑞利分馏和稀释模型以及采气量量化显示，每口井采气过程中的水量为8.03×10³~1.63×10⁶ m³，煤层气开采仅影响每口井周围的局部水，以此为依据可以优化井距设计。

关键词: 沁水盆地, 煤层气, 氦气, 稀有气体同位素, 瑞利分馏

Abstract:

Helium is a crucial strategic resource with very limited reserves, but its enrichment and dilution mechanisms in gas reservoirs remain unclear. Noble gas isotopes play an important role in characterizing the interactions between gas and groundwater. In this study, noble gas compositions and isotopic signatures of coalbed methane (CBM) from the third coal seam in the southern Qinshui Basin were analyzed to determine the isotope composition characteristics of noble gas and to establish a helium reservoir formation model. Gas samples were collected from 13 CBM production wells. The results showed that the helium (He) content in CBM was generally one order of magnitude higher than in the atmosphere. The ³He/⁴He ratios were 0.002 9-0.021 8 R_a, with a very low mantle source contribution (0-0.31%). The ²⁰Ne/²²Ne ratios (10.09-10.43) and ²¹Ne/²²Ne ratios (0.029 6-0.031 9) were slightly higher than those in the atmosphere, reflecting an excess of ²¹Ne relative to the atmosphere. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratios (295.23-779.44) were overall higher than the atmospheric values, suggesting a significant influence of crustal ⁴⁰Ar accumulation over time. The isotopic signatures of krypton (Kr) and xenon (Xe) were similar to those of the atmosphere. Quantitative calculations of helium production revealed an external ⁴He flux into the self-generating and self-preserving CBM system. The linear relationship between ⁴He and ²⁰Ne indicated that helium dissolved in groundwater before degassing into the gas reservoir, while methane desorbed from coal seams diluted helium (as well as neon and argon) in the groundwater-associated gases. Therefore, gas reservoirs with lower grades were more likely to accumulate helium. Helium was mainly distributed in areas with effective helium source rocks, ancient groundwater systems, efficient migration channels, and appropriate hydrocarbon generation intensity, providing a theoretical basis for exploring helium resources in CBM. Rayleigh fractionation, dilution modelling, and gas production quantification showed that the water output per well during gas production was 8.03×10³-1.63×10⁶ m³. CBM exploration affected only the local water around each well, offering a basis for optimizing well spacing design.

Key words: Qinshui Basin, coalbed methane, helium, noble gas isotopes, Rayleigh fractionation

中图分类号:

TE133

徐聃,张聪,贾慧敏, 等. 沁水盆地南部3号煤煤层气稀有气体同位素特征及氦的稀释[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2025, 15(5): 921-932.

XU Dan,ZHANG Cong,JIA Huimin, et al. Noble gas isotopic characteristics and helium dilution of coalbed methane from the third coal seam in southern Qinshui Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2025, 15(5): 921-932.

图/表 10

图1

表1

沁水盆地南部3号煤煤层气中气体组分含量及碳氢同位素"

样品号	层位	日产水量/m³	日产气量/m³	累计产气量/m³	气体组分含量/%				δ¹³C₁/‰	δ $D C H 4$ /‰
样品号	层位	日产水量/m³	日产气量/m³	累计产气量/m³	N₂	CO₂	C₁	C₂	δ¹³C₁/‰	δ $D C H 4$ /‰
23MCQ-02	山西组	0.01	140		0.13	0.03	99.69	0.10	-32.7	-183.7
23MCQ-03	山西组	0.10	185		0.22	0.05	99.62	0.04	-33.4	-189.0
23MCQ-11	山西组	3.20	663	2 417 819	0.31	0.02	99.63	0.01	-39.8	-200.5
23MCQ-13	山西组	0.40	450	2 675 283	0.48	0.01	99.42	0.01	-38.8	-197.8
23MCQ-17	山西组	1.20	101	261 325	0.19	0.01	99.75	0.02	-34.9	-196.6
23MCQ-20	山西组	1.00	9 429	12 728 142	0.23	0.01	99.72	0.01	-35.5	-182.0
23MCQ-23	山西组	15.00	3 161	4 610 224	0.41	0.03	99.48	0.01	-34.2	-185.3
23MCQ-25	山西组	2.50	4 220	5 638 917	0.24	0.02	99.72	0.00	-32.7	-177.9
23MCQ-28	山西组	5.20	3 188	9 053 788	0.59	0.03	99.31	0.00	-36.9	-181.6
23MCQ-29	山西组	0.01	11 159	17 522 610	0.40	0.03	99.52	0.00	-36.0	-185.1
23MCQ-35	山西组	16.10	6 166	16 528 352	0.40	0.09	99.36	0.02	-31.7	-175.4

表1

表2

表3

图2

图3

表4

表5

图4

图5

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样品号	稀有气体组分含量
样品号	He/10^-6	Ne/10^-8	Ar/10^-5	Kr/10^-10	Xe/10^-11
23MCQ-02	67.40±4.75	2.30±0.03	1.41±0.01	8.50 ± 0.49	5.30±0.34
23MCQ-03	50.11±0.95	2.66±0.03	1.94±0.02	12.32 ± 0.45	8.94±0.50
23MCQ-11	25.03±1.27	7.44±0.11	15.41±0.15	111.50 ± 4.99	24.86±0.82
23MCQ-13	39.20±0.46	9.50±0.10	19.00±0.19	139.73±10.79	28.28±1.52
23MCQ-17	27.22±0.41	6.46±0.07	6.75±0.07	41.07 ± 0.88	16.07±0.56
23MCQ-20	34.82±2.49	18.87±0.20	17.09±0.17	104.94 ± 3.80	35.18±1.37
23MCQ-23	106.10±7.41	12.81±0.49	14.53±0.15	85.42 ± 2.83	14.11±1.22
23MCQ-25	16.68±0.21	4.41±0.05	10.11±0.10	85.78 ± 4.04	4.25±0.26
23MCQ-28	18.98±0.23	6.07±0.07	25.69±0.26	163.92 ± 5.13	14.51±0.60
23MCQ-29	8.83±0.17	4.32±0.07	16.96±0.17	129.57 ± 4.83	12.96±0.56
23MCQ-35	25.03±0.33	2.27±0.03	4.91±0.05	26.43 ± 0.69	6.71±0.39

样品号	(³He/⁴He)/10^-8	⁴He/²⁰Ne	²⁰Ne/²²Ne	²¹Ne/²²Ne	⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar	³⁸Ar/³⁶Ar
23MCQ-02	1.59±0.72	3 224.67	10.27±0.18	0.031 0±0.001 1	779.44±7.80	0.173 0±0.008 2
23MCQ-03	1.62±0.55	2 069.52	10.34±0.17	0.031 9±0.000 9	651.35±6.52	0.190 7±0.004 3
23MCQ-11	3.05±1.23	370.47	10.19±0.27	0.030 9±0.001 0	295.23±2.96	0.180 3±0.003 3
23MCQ-13	1.51±0.21	454.38	10.13±0.15	0.030 6±0.000 6	295.51±2.96	0.180 3±0.003 4
23MCQ-17	1.68±0.34	463.34	10.33±0.15	0.029 6±0.000 7	325.06±3.25	0.183 6±0.002 7
23MCQ-20	2.54±0.36	202.98	10.32±0.15	0.030 2±0.000 7	317.94±3.18	0.187 4±0.003 5
23MCQ-23	1.68±0.29	912.33	10.13±0.43	0.030 6±0.001 0	305.26±3.05	0.178 6±0.002 7
23MCQ-25	2.24±0.59	416.22	10.18±0.17	0.031 3±0.000 8	306.39±3.07	0.180 1±0.005 3
23MCQ-28	1.62±0.35	344.49	10.09±0.16	0.030 5±0.000 7	295.53±2.96	0.182 5±0.003 0
23MCQ-29	0.79±0.21	224.50	10.43±0.20	0.029 9±0.000 7	298.56±2.99	0.185 9±0.004 8
23MCQ-35	0.40±0.12	1 216.20	10.16±0.16	0.031 0±0.000 7	425.31±4.25	0.184 4±0.002 8

样品	²⁰Ne/10^-8	³⁶Ar/10^-7	²⁰Ne/³⁶Ar	³⁶Ar计算值/10^-7	³⁶Ar计算值/实测值
23MCQ-11	6.76	5.20	0.130	5.893	1.13
23MCQ-13	8.63	6.40	0.135	6.023	0.94
23MCQ-17	5.87	2.07	0.284	9.467	4.58
23MCQ-20	17.16	5.36	0.320	1.018	1.90
23MCQ-23	11.63	4.74	0.245	8.662	1.83
23MCQ-25	4.01	3.29	0.122	8.071	2.46
23MCQ-28	5.51	8.66	0.064	5.743	0.66
23MCQ-29	3.93	5.66	0.069	6.013	1.06
23MCQ-35	2.06	1.15	0.179	7.148	6.20

沁水盆地南部3号煤煤层气稀有气体同位素特征及氦的稀释

Noble gas isotopic characteristics and helium dilution of coalbed methane from the third coal seam in southern Qinshui Basin

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深度/m	稀有气体	K_i
450	Ne	89.673
	Ar	30.808
	Kr	17.814
	Xe	11.705
700	Ne	90.571
	Ar	34.189
	Kr	20.428
	Xe	14.057
800	Ne	90.521
	Ar	35.366
	Kr	21.387
	Xe	14.948

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