煤矿区煤层气开发技术应用现状及展望

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.06.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

“十二五”以来，为保障煤层气资源开发和煤矿安全高效生产，根据煤矿采掘工程部署、开采扰动和煤层地质条件，经过生产实践探索，形成了适用于中国煤矿区煤层气开发的“四区联动”抽采模式，即煤矿规划区、准备区、生产区及采空区的煤层气协同开发，已取得较好应用效果。主要表现在以下几个方面：①开发形成了适合于规划区的地面垂直井压裂、顺煤层水平井分段压裂及碎软煤层顶板水平井地面分段压裂抽采技术。甘肃窑街海石湾矿垂直井单井产气量达到2 607 m³/d；山西晋城寺河矿顺煤层分段压裂单井产气量突破9 100 m³/d；安徽淮北芦岭矿碎软煤层顶板水平井单井产气量达到10 760 m³/d。②研发了适合于准备区的煤矿井下定向长钻孔分段压裂抽采技术。陕西彬长大佛寺矿硬煤顺煤层长钻孔分段压裂钻孔长度达到600 m，单孔瓦斯抽采纯量达到3 600 m³/d；山西阳泉新景矿碎软煤层顶板分段压裂钻孔长度达到609 m，单孔瓦斯抽采纯量达到2 811 m³/d。③探索形成了适合于生产区的碎软煤层井下穿层钻孔高压加砂水力压裂和顺煤层气动定向钻进高效抽采技术。安徽淮南潘三矿穿层钻孔加砂水力压裂钻孔瓦斯抽采纯量是普通清水压裂的2.38倍；山西阳泉二矿气动定向钻进深度最大达到607 m，单孔瓦斯抽采纯量达到971.6 m³/d。④提出了适合于煤矿采空区的地面垂直井和L型水平井瓦斯抽采模式。安徽淮南潘一矿垂直井抽采量最高超过50 000 m³/d；山西晋城寺河矿L型水平井抽采量最高达30 000 m³/d。随着煤矿区煤层气开发效果进一步提升的需要，提出了煤矿区煤岩层大规模体积压裂、煤矿井地联合分段水力压裂、煤矿区深部煤层气开发等技术攻关方向，推动煤矿区煤层气开发技术发展，以更好保障煤炭资源安全开采和煤层气资源高效开发。

关键词: 煤矿区, 煤层气, 四区联动, 分段压裂, 碎软煤层

Abstract:

Coalbed methane (CBM) is a hazardous gas that leads to gas explosions, coal and gas outbursts, and contributes to atmospheric greenhouse effects in coal mines. At the same time, CBM is a clean and efficient energy source. Developing CBM in coal mining areas offers significant benefits for enhanced safety, energy production, and environmental protection. In China, the estimated CBM resource is 32.86 × 10¹² m³ at depths shallower than 2 000 meters and 40.71 × 10¹² m³ at depths beyond 2 000 meters. Since the “12th Five-Year Plan”, an extraction model of “four-zone coordination” has been developed through practical exploration to ensure both CBM resource development and the safe, efficient operation of coal mines. This model is tailored to mining engineering deployment, mining-induced disturbances, and coal seam geological conditions. It involves coordinated CBM development in planning, preparation, production, and goaf areas, demonstrating significant effectiveness in practice. The key outcomes include: (1) Three technologies have been developed for use in planning areas, namely, surface vertical well fracturing, staged fracturing in coal-seam horizontal well, and staged fracturing and extraction. In the Haishiwan Mine of Yaojie, Gansu, vertical well interlayer temporary plugging and diverting fracturing technology is used in the target coal seam, and the CBM well production reaches 2 607 m³/day. In Sihe mine of the Jincheng Mining Area, Shanxi, bottom-sealed coiled tubing pulling hydraulic jet and annulus sand fracturing technology is used in coal seam 15. The length of the horizontal well is 820.53 m with 8 fracturing sections. The maximum well production is 9 100 m³/day, and the stable gas production is 7 000-8 000 m³/day. U-shaped horizontal well staged fracturing is used in the roof of fragmented and soft coal seam 8 of Luling Mine in the Huaibei Mining Area, Anhui Province. The horizontal well length is 585.96 m with 7 fracturing sections. The maximum well production is 10 760 m³/day, and the total production is 7.5 million m³. (2) Directional long borehole staged fracturing and extraction technology in underground coal mines have been developed in preparation areas. In the Dafosi Mine of Binchang, Shaanxi Province, long borehole staged fracturing is used in coal seam 4. The horizontal well length is 600 m with 8 fracturing sections. The maximum pure gas production is 3 600 m³/day, and the average is 1 000-2 500 m³/day. Pure gas production per 100 meters is 4.9-11.0 times that of unfractured boreholes in the same area. In the Xinjing Mine of the Yangquan Mining Area, Shanxi Province, the roof of fragmented and soft coal seam 3 is sand fractured in stages. The drilling length reaches 609 m with 10 fracturing sections. The maximum pure gas production is 2 811 m³/day, and the pure gas production per 100 meters is 5.6-15.4 times that of unfractured boreholes in the same area. (3) For fragmented and soft coal seams, technologies such as high-pressure sand hydraulic fracturing and pneumatic directional drilling have been developed in production areas. In the Pansan Mining Area, Anhui Province, sand hydraulic fracturing technology is used in coal seam 13-1. The pure gas production per 100 meters of sand-fractured borehole is 2.38 times that of conventional water fracturing. In the No.2 Mine of Yangquan, Shanxi Province, to address the difficulties of drilling in fragmented and soft coal seams and the tendency of borehole collapse upon encountering water, pneumatic directional drilling drainage technology is used in coal seam 8. The drilling depth is 607 m, and the pure gas production is 971.6 m³/day. (4) A ground vertical well and L- shaped horizontal well gas extraction model is developed for goaf areas in coal mines. In the Panyi Mine of the Huainan Mining Area, Anhui Province, due to the depressurization mining of coal seam 11-2, ground vertical wells are used to drain gas from coal seam No.13-1, and gas production reaches 50 000 m³/day. In the Sihe Mine, Jincheng Mining Area, Shanxi Province, the L-shaped horizontal well is used in the roof coal seam 3, and the pure gas production is 30 000 m³/day. Innovative technologies such as large-scale staged fracturing both at the surface and underground and deep CBM development have been proposed to promote technological advancement in coal mining areas and ensure the safe mining and efficient development of CBM resources.

Key words: coal mining area, coalbed methane (CBM), four-zone coordination, staged fracturing, fragmented and soft coal seam

中图分类号:

TE37

孙四清,杨帆,郑玉岐, 等. 煤矿区煤层气开发技术应用现状及展望[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2025, 15(6): 972-982.

SUN Siqing,YANG Fan,ZHENG Yuqi, et al. Current applications and prospects of coalbed methane development technologies in coal mining areas[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2025, 15(6): 972-982.

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