三相泡沫体系堵水效果及影响因素实验研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

纳米颗粒作为新型稳泡材料,能够显著提高泡沫稳定性,其研究和应用受到石油科技工作者的广泛重视。针对渤海油田堵水技术需求,以物理化学、高分子材料学和油藏工程等为理论指导,以仪器检测、化学分析和物理模拟等为技术手段,以渤海典型油藏地质特征和流体为研究对象,开展了纳米颗粒氮气三相泡沫体系基本性能评价和堵水效果物理模拟研究。结果表明,当起泡剂（PO-FASD）和稳泡剂（SiO₂纳米颗粒AEROSIL380）浓度为0.3 %左右时,起泡剂和稳泡剂水溶液与氮气可以形成性能优良的三相泡沫体系。随储层渗透率级差增加,水驱开发效果变差,泡沫堵水增油效果提高。随水驱采出程度增加,泡沫堵水增油效果提高。随原油黏度增加,泡沫堵水增油效果变差。由此可见,三相泡沫体系具有良好封堵和液流转向能力,尤其适合于高含水油藏高渗透层堵水施工。

关键词: 渤海油藏, 三相泡沫, 纳米颗粒, 堵水, 物理模拟

Abstract:

As a new type of foam stabilizing material, nano-particles can significantly improve the stability of foam. The research and application of nano-particles have been paid much attention by petroleum researchers. Considering the demand of water plugging technology in Bohai Oilfield, and guided by the theory of physical chemistry, polymer materials and reservoir engineering, we studied the evaluation of basic performance and the physical simulation of water plugging effect of nano-particle nitrogen foam system according to the geological characteristics and fluids of typical reservoirs in Bohai by technical means such as instrument detection, chemical analysis and physical simulation. The results showed that when the concentration of foaming agent（PO-FASD） and stabilizer（SiO₂ nano-particle AEROSIL380） were about 0.3 %, the foaming agent and foam stabilizer could form the three phase foam system with nitrogen in excellent performance. With the increase of the reservoir permeability gradation, the effect of water flooding development got worse, and the effect of foam plugging and increasing oil increased. While with the increase of the water flooding recovery, the effects of foam plugging and oil increasing effect were improved. However, if the viscosity of crude oil increased, the effects of foam plugging and oil increasing effect would get worse. Thus, we could find that the three-phase foam system has good plugging and liquid flow steering ability, especially suitable for high water cut reservoir high permeability layer water plugging.

Key words: Bohai oilfield, three phase foam, nano-particles, water plugging, physical simulation

中图分类号:

TE357

张云宝,徐国瑞,邹剑等. 三相泡沫体系堵水效果及影响因素实验研究[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2019, 9(2): 44-49.

Yunbao Zhang,Guorui Xu,Jian Zou, et al. Experimental study on water plugging effect and influence factors of three phase foam system[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2019, 9(2): 44-49.

图/表 11

表1

表2

表3

表4

图1

图2

表5

图3

图4

表6

图5

参考文献 24

[1]	Lu Xiangguo, Sun Zhe, Zhou Yanxia , et al. Research on configuration of polymer molecular aggregate and its reservoir applicability[J]. Journal of dispersion science and technology, 2016,37(6):908-917. doi: 10.1080/01932691.2015.1073599
[2]	张保康, 徐国瑞, 铁磊磊 , 等. “堵水+调剖”工艺参数优化和油藏适应性评价——以渤海 SZ36-1油田为例[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2017,8(5):155-159.
[3]	孙乾, 李兆敏, 李松岩 , 等. 纳米SiO₂颗粒与SDS的协同稳泡性及驱油实验研究[J]. 石油化工高等学校学报, 2014,27(6):36-41. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-396X.2014.06.009
[4]	孙乾, 李兆敏, 李松岩 , 等. SiO₂纳米颗粒稳定的泡沫体系驱油性能研究[J]. 中国石油大学学报, 2014,38(4):124-130.
[5]	Hasannejada Reza, Pourafshary Peyman, Vatani Ali, et al. 二氧化硅纳米流体在储集层微粒运移控制中的应用[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2017,10(5):1-9.
[6]	Jinxiang Liu, Xiangguo Lu, Shilei Sui . Evaluation, Synjournal and Gelation mechanism of organic chromium[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2012,124(5):3669-3677. doi: 10.1002/app.35060
[7]	卢祥国, 高振环, 闫文华 . 人造岩心渗透率影响因素试验研究[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 1994,13(4):53-55.
[8]	卢祥国, 宋合龙, 王景盛 , 等 . 石英砂环氧树脂胶结非均质模型制作方法:中国,ZL200510063665.8[P]. 2005 -09-07.
[9]	Qian Sun, Zhaomin Li, Jiqian Wang , et al. Aqueous foam stabilized by partially hydrophobic nanoparticles in the presence of surfactant[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering aspects, 2015: 54-64.
[10]	Eric Dickinson, Rammile Ettelaie, Thomas Kostakis , et al. Factors controlling the formation and stability of air bubbles stabilized by partially hydrophobic silica nano-particles[J]. Langmuir 2004,20:8517-8525. doi: 10.1021/la048913k
[11]	Chongwei Xiao, Suriya N, Balasubramanian , et al. Rheology of viscous CO₂ foams stabilized by nano-particles under high pressure[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2017,7:8340-8348
[12]	Arezoo S Emrani, Hisham . Stabilizing CO₂ foam by use of nano-particles[J]. SPE Journal, 2017,22(2):494-504. doi: 10.2118/174254-PA
[13]	Qichao Lv, Zhaomin L, Binfei Li , et al. Study of nano-particle-surfactant-stabilized foam as a fracturing fluid[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2015,9:9468-9477.
[15]	Qian Sun, Zhaomin Li, Songyan Li , et al. Utilization of surfactant-stabilized foam for enhanced oil recovery by adding nano-particles[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2014,3:2384-2394.
[16]	李爱芬, 唐健健, 陈凯 , 等. 泡沫在不同渗透率级差填砂管中的调驱特性研究[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2013,25(4):120-128.
[17]	吴忠正, 李华斌, 郭程飞 . 渗透率级差对空气泡沫驱油效果的影响[J]. 油田化学, 2015,25(1):83-87.
[18]	王其伟, 郭平, 李雪松 , 等. 泡沫体系在不同渗透率级差双管模型中的驱油效果[J]. 大庆石油学院学报, 2008,32(6):39-42. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4107.2008.06.011
[19]	钟意 . 渗流速度及含油饱和度对起泡剂起泡能力的影响[D]. 成都:成都理工大学, 2012.
[20]	元福卿, 王其伟, 李宗阳 , 等. 油相对泡沫稳定性的影响规律[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2015,22(1):118-121.
[21]	张星, 赵金省, 张明 , 等. 氮气泡沫在多孔介质中的封堵特性及其影响因素研究[J]. 石油与天然气化工, 2009,38(3):227-210.
[22]	张广卿, 刘伟, 李敬 , 等. 泡沫封堵能力影响因素实验研究[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2012,19(2):44-48.
[23]	李玉英 . 泡沫稳定性影响因素及封堵能力研究[D]. 上海:复旦大学, 2014.
[24]	王海波, 肖贤明 . 泡沫复合驱体系稳定性及稳泡机理研究[J]. 钻采工艺, 2008,31(1):117-121.

离子组成和含量							总矿化度
K⁺+Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	CO₃^2-	HCO₃^-	总矿化度
2 758.3	627.7	249.4	6 313.3	91.4	0.0	166.5	10 206.5

起泡剂, %	起泡体积/mL	泡沫半衰期/min	析液半衰期/ s	泡沫综合指数/ （min·mL）
0.05	185	2	51	370
0.1	250	4	198	1 000
0.2	430	8	259	3 440
0.3	480	15	309	7 200
0.4	485	16	340	7 760
0.5	495	25	384	12 375

起泡剂, %	起泡体积/mL	泡沫半衰期/min	析液半衰期/ s	泡沫综合指数/（min·mL）
0.05	445	42	478	18 690
0.1	435	48	488	20 880
0.2	450	55	510	24 750
0.3	465	61	503	28 365
0.4	425	67	407	28 475
0.5	410	72	425	29 520

方案编号	小层渗透率K_g/ 10^-3μm²		含油饱和度, %	采收率,%
方案编号	小层渗透率K_g/ 10^-3μm²		含油饱和度, %	水驱	堵水	增幅
方案1-1	高渗层	7 302	77.63	65.11	65.77	0.66
	低渗层	499	65.80	4.52	51.61	47.09
	整体		72.98	43.63	60.75	17.12
方案1-2	高渗层	4 986	76.54	61.60	62.60	1.00
	低渗层	506	61.44	16.04	55.60	39.56
	整体		70.68	45.67	60.14	14.48
方案1-3	高渗层	2 516	75.35	58.17	61.98	3.81
	低渗层	494	64.74	37.06	62.50	25.44
	整体		70.62	49.54	62.19	12.65

方案编号	小层渗透率K_g/ 10^-3μm²		水驱程度, %	含油饱和度, %	采收率,%
方案编号	小层渗透率K_g/ 10^-3μm²		水驱程度, %	含油饱和度, %	水驱	堵水	增幅
方案2-1	高渗层	4 895	40	74.08	42.94	57.13	14.19
	低渗层	485		60.03	2.09	12.98	10.89
	整体			68.43	28.54	41.57	13.03
方案2-2	高渗层	4 717	90	75.17	54.84	60.16	5.33
	低渗层	502		59.83	3.86	37.27	33.41
	整体			68.87	36.64	51.99	15.35
方案2-3	高渗层	4 986	98	76.54	61.60	62.60	1.00
	低渗层	506		61.44	16.04	55.60	39.56
	整体			70.48	45.67	60.14	14.48